- Início
- Livros E Revistas
- Cadernos de Processo do Trabalho Nº 1. Jurisdição, Ação E Processo
- Jurisdição
Jurisdição voluntária
Autor | Manoel Antonio Teixeira Filho |
Páginas | 24-25 |
Page 24
Fala-se, também, de uma "jurisdição voluntária"; a impropriedade da expressão, contudo, é evidente, sob os rigores da técnica. Não há, aí, partes, mas, interessados; processo, mas, procedimento. Nem o Estado atua de maneira voluntária. Efetivamente, estabelece o art. 720 do CPC que "O procedimento terá início por provocação do interessado, do Ministério Público ou da Defen-soria Pública". Onde, pois, o seu caráter de "voluntária"?
Essa suposta jurisdição nada mais representa do que um ato de administração pública de interesses privados realizada pelos juízes. Quando, v.g., a Justiça do Trabalho homologa o acordo extrajudicial a que se referem os art. 855-A a 855-C, da CLT, não está, em rigor, a exercer função jurisdicional e sim, como dissemos, realizando mero ato de administração de interesses privados.
A participação do órgão judiciário, portanto, não é "voluntária", mas, ao contrário, provocada pelos interessados. A este respeito, é importante observar a declaração contida no art. 2.º, do CPC, segundo a qual "O processo começa por iniciativa da parte" (destacamos).
Dinamarco, todavia, entende que na jurisdição voluntária não há administração, mas atividade jurisdicional, pois aqui também se exige o contraditório, a sentença deve ser fundamentada, há o duplo grau de jurisdição, etc. Argumenta o notável processualista: "Essas características da jurisdição voluntária afastam a tradicional ideia de que ela não teria natureza jurisdicional, sendo administração. Na jurisdição voluntária é tênue o escopo jurídico de atuar a vontade do direito, incluído entre as características da jurisdição e do próprio sistema processual, mas isso não basta para desfigurá-la porque o direito moderno dá primazia a outros escopos, notadamente o de solucionar conflitos para pacificar pessoas. A exclusividade do escopo jurídico da jurisdição, própria do período conceitual do direito processual civil, mas repudiada na processualística moderna (...), seria, no passado, uma válida premissa para a negação do caráter jurisdicional à jurisdição voluntária, mas hoje não tem mais essa força. Em todos os casos nos quais o juiz é chamado a exercer a jurisdição voluntária existe sempre uma situação conflituosa e um estado de insatisfação que afligem pessoas e necessitam solução. Pode ser um conflito mais ou menos aparente ou intenso, mais explícito ou menos explícito na demanda apresentada ao juiz e que ele resolverá mais diretamente ou menos -mas é sempre a...
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