Introdução
Autor | Fábio De Souza Lima Nunes |
Páginas | 13-14 |
Page 13
Para nós que vivemos numa época em que nos sentimos protegidos, pelo menos parcialmente, por tantos direitos (direitos do cidadão, do trabalhador, da criança e adolescente, do idoso, do ser humano...), em geral não temos consciência de que a conquista desses direitos é relativamente recente na história da humanidade. Os direitos relacionados à seguridade social não fogem a essa regra. A maioria deles ainda está bem longe de completar 100 anos. E, surpreendentemente, essa não é uma verdade somente em relação aos países em desenvolvimento, como o Brasil.
Assim como todos os outros ramos do direito, o relacionado à seguridade social sofre constantes mudanças. A princípio, essas mudanças, em geral, eram para agregar benefícios tentando alcançar o tão comentado “estado de bem estar social” (“welfare state”). No entanto, com o crescente envelhecimento da população e diminuição da natalidade, estamos num momento de revisão dos parâmetros de concessão dos benefícios, com progressivo endurecimento dos mesmos. Isso acontece também nos países ricos e industrializados. O Brasil, mesmo não se enquadrando nessa categoria, apresenta características demográficas cada vez mais semelhantes aos países desenvolvidos, o que também impõe uma revisão do sistema.
A seguridade social tem como objetivo garantir segurança e proteção ao cidadão ao longo de sua existência, assistindo-lhe com os recursos necessários e os serviços pertinentes nos momentos de infortúnios.
Page 14
O art. 194 da Constituição Federal de 1988 define: “A seguridade social compreende um conjunto integrado de ações de iniciativa dos Poderes Públicos e da sociedade, destinadas a assegurar os direitos relativos à saúde, à previdência e à assistência social”.
Portanto, a previdência é um dos três pilares básicos da seguridade social e está definida assim pelo art. 201 da Constituição:
“A previdência social será organizada sob a forma de regime geral, de caráter contributivo e de filiação obrigatória, observados critérios que preservem o equilíbrio financeiro e atuarial, e atenderá, nos termos da lei, a:
I – cobertura dos eventos de doença, invalidez, morte e idade avançada;
II – proteção à maternidade, especialmente à gestante;
III – proteção ao trabalhador em situação de...
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