Introdução
Autor | Ionete de Magalhães Souza |
Ocupação do Autor | Graduada em Direito e Pós-Graduada lato sensu pela Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros - Unimontes. Advogada |
Páginas | 15-20 |
Page 15
O tema “justiça” é por demais discutido, vindo a ser alvo de interesse em todas as épocas e em tudo que cerca o ser humano. Os tipos de justiça e sua adequação legal, social e ética são levados a uma inquietação angustiante frente aos fatos vistos e vividos. Daí justificar-se este trabalho, no qual será analisada a justiça formal e material de um tema específico. A efetividade da Justiça e a “certeza” da paternidade através da perícia genética são de importância ímpar no campo social e da satisfação intrínseca de realização e esclarecimento de uma verdade. A palavra “certeza” está grafada em destaque, haja vista algumas divergências existentes quanto às possíveis falhas, especialmente humanas, no comando de máquinas e técnicas, mesmo que essas sejam precisas. Questiona-se, ainda, a impossibilidade de se chegar a uma porcentagem máxima. Portanto, discorda-se do termo “certeza”, usando sempre o termo “probabilidade”. Entretanto, não é a maioria dos estudiosos do Direito que defende tal entendimento. O índice equivalente a mais de 99% (noventa e nove por cento), como resultado de uma perícia, é considerado por cientistas, doutrinadores e juristas, mais do que comprobatório, para se declarar a paternidade biológica. Dizem os cientistas que, apenas por uma questão matemática, de números e de fórmulas aplicadas, é que não se chega ao número integral de 100% (cem por cento). Assim, um dos pontos da “certeza” apóia-se na prova, mesmo que não tenha o resultado esperado ou desejado, além da convicção do juiz.
Page 16
O exame genético em ácido desoxirribonucléico (ADN ou DNA), como obrigação imediata do Estado, numa investigação de paternidade que envolva carentes, leva à solução de graves problemas hereditários e revolução da terapêutica médica, entre outras consequências positivas. A verdade material da filiação biológica consolida direitos indisponíveis de valor incalculável no sentimento humano. Assim, como objetivo geral, analisar-se-á a efetividade do acesso à Justiça em caso de comprovação da paternidade, em tempo satisfatório, por via do exame em DNA. O fator “justiça” é estudado sob o prisma do princípio da igualdade e da efetividade do processo, para o qual o tempo razoável de presteza é visto como direito fundamental.
O Brasil já possui, desde 1988, laboratórios capacitados e autorizados para a realização de exames em DNA, para a determinação da paternidade. O cuidado quanto à escolha criteriosa de laboratório é imprescindível...
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