Introdução
Autor | Antonio Bazilio Floriani Neto |
Ocupação do Autor | Pós-graduado em Direito Previdenciário e Processual Previdenciário pela PUCPR. Mestre em Direito Econômico e Socioambiental pela PUCPR. Professor de pós-graduação lato sensu. Advogado |
Páginas | 17-19 |
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A existência de um meio ambiente laborativo sadio e equilibrado é fundamental para o Estado, para o trabalhador e para a empresa. A importância para o poder estatal está ligada à eficácia dos direitos sociais consagrados no texto constitucional, dentre os quais se destacam a saúde, o trabalho, a segurança e a Previdência Social. Para o trabalhador, trata-se de uma garantia para exercer o seu ofício com dignidade. Por fim, as empresas poderão aumentar sua produtividade com trabalhadores seguros e saudáveis.
Mais do que um mero objetivo, a consagração da saúde do trabalhador deve ser visualizada como um bem jurídico, resultado de avanços legislativos e constitucionais. Não por acaso, portanto, é tutelada não só pela ciência jurídica, mas também por outras áreas do conhecimento, tais como a engenharia de segurança do trabalho e a medicina do trabalho.
Em âmbito jurídico, exemplos podem ser citados nas mais diversas áreas: penal, civil, ambiental, trabalhista, tributária e previdenciária.
A visão penal da saúde do trabalhador tem como escopo a responsabilização, e engloba as condutas reprováveis, regradas pelo Código Penal, como, por exemplo expor a vida ou a saúde de outrem a perigo direto e iminente (art. 132), a lesão corporal (art. 129, § 1° I, e § 2° I) e o homicídio (art. 121).
A ótica civil, por sua vez, busca a reparação do dano por meio de uma indenização, vincula-se ao direito das obrigações, podendo ser resolvida em perdas e danos.
Por meio do prisma ambiental, o trabalho deixou de ser um mero lugar, passando a ser compreendido como um meio ambiente, haja vista as disposições contidas na Constituição de 1988, art. 200, VIII, e também na Convenção
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n. 155, da Organização Internacional do Trabalho (art. 4-2). Por conta disso, os princípios de direito ambiental constitucionalmente consagrados, como o de ter um meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado, essencial à sadia qualidade de vida, até mesmo a responsabilização pela sua degradação podem ser aplicados ao trabalho.
Na esfera trabalhista, os conceitos de insalubridade, penosidade e pericu-losidade foram incorporados como adicionais, mas com eles não se confundem, eis que originariamente surgiram como um nexo causal entre o meio ambiente laborativo e as consequências no ser humano.
O ferramental tributário possibilitou que a saúde do trabalhador fosse custeada por toda a população, mormente pelas empresas, como ocorre com o seguro acidentário, previsto no art. 1-...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Livros e Revistas
- Seguro de acidentes do trabalho: Voracidade Fiscal, empresas e economia
- Agradecimentos
- Lista de ilustrações
- Prefácio
- Introdução
- Hermenêutica histórica do seguro contra acidentes do trabalho
- O 'novo' seguro de acidentes do trabalho
- O fator acidentário de prevenção, nexos técnicos e ações regressivas
- Indução das decisões empresariais: exaltação e limites
- Quando o direito encontra a economia
- Conclusão
- Referências
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