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- Livros E Revistas
- Aspectos Jurídicos Controversos Dos Juros E Da Comissão de Permanência
- A Comissão de Permanência Propriamente Dita
A inexistência de potestatividade nas disposições contratuais estipuladoras da comissão de permanência
Autor | Glauber Moreno Talavera |
Ocupação do Autor | Executivo corporativo em São Paulo; Doutor e Mestre em Direito Civil pela PUC-SP |
Páginas | 243-245 |
Page 243
A forma pela qual a autoridade normativa do Sistema Financeiro Nacional dispôs acerca da cobrança da comissão de permanência sugere que às instituições financeiras mutuantes foi outorgada uma faculdade. E, de fato, o foi. Não obstante, improcede a tese sustentada por alguns que pretendem inserir a disposição contratual atinente à exigibilidade da comissão de permanência em caso de inexecução do mutuário no rol das cláusulas potestativas vedadas pelo ordenamento jurídico pátrio.
Sinteticamente, podemos conceituar as cláusulas potestativas como condições estipuladas contratualmente, cujo implemento depende exclusiva ou parcialmente do alvedrio de uma das partes contratantes. Dividem-se em cláusulas potestativas impuras e cláusulas potestativas puras. Estas, as puras, sujeitam-se exclusivamente ao arbitrário querer de uma das partes contratantes, ao passo que aquelas subordinam-se ao arbítrio de uma gama maior de agentes, dentre os quais inclui-se uma das partes contratantes. São tidas como ilícitas as estipulações que subordinam os efeitos do negócio jurídico realizado ao alvedrio exclusivo de um dos contratantes, a teor da norma veiculada no art. 122 do CC/2002, cuja dicção é a seguinte:
“Art. 122. São lícitas, em geral, todas as condições não contrárias à lei, à ordem pública ou aos bons costumes; entre as condições
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defesas se incluem as que privarem de todo efeito o negócio jurídico, ou o sujeitarem ao puro arbítrio de uma das partes”.
Verifica-se, da leitura do dispositivo legal supratranscrito, que o legislador pátrio considerou como eiva que inquina o negócio jurídico de nulidade foi meramente a cláusula potestativa pura, ou seja, vale repisar, a disposição contratual cuja produção de efeitos depende exclusivamente da vontade de uma das partes contratantes. A pergunta que se faz oportuna nesse ponto da análise é: constitui cláusula potestativa pura a estipulação da cobrança de comissão de permanência na hipótese de impontualidade do mutuário na execução do contrato de mútuo bancário? A resposta a essa indagação passa necessariamente pelo exame da forma de apuração da comissão de permanência.
A comissão de permanência é calculada “(...) às mesmas taxas pactuadas no contrato original ou à taxa de mercado do dia do pagamento”. Ainda que o cálculo seja realizado com base na taxa de mercado, não há que se falar em potestatividade pura, absoluta, porque a taxa praticada no mercado é produto da conjunção de inúmeros...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Aspectos jurídicos controversos dos juros e da comissão de permanência
- A Comissão de Permanência Propriamente Dita
- Comissão de permanência - Conceito
- A legitimidade da fonte da qual emana a autorização para a cobrança da comissão de permanência
- As razões de ordem prática que ensejam a cobrança da comissão de permanência: descasamento entre ativos e passivos e risco de refinanciamento em condições adversas
- A comissão de permanência sob a ótica das perdas e danos
- O enquadramento da comissão de permanência na categoria dos juros compensatórios
- A inexistência de potestatividade nas disposições contratuais estipuladoras da comissão de permanência
- O descabimento da cobrança da comissão de permanência à taxa SELIC
- A cobrança da comissão de permanência: natureza diversa de institutos congêneres como os juros moratórios, a correção monetária e a cláusula penal
- Posfácio
- Bibliografia
- Anexo I. Normativos do Banco Central
- Anexo II. Superior Tribunal de Justiça
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