HCs na Lava Jato dividem o Supremo
Autor | Adriana Lacombe Coiro |
Páginas | 405-407 |
Page 405
Ao julgar a validade do acordo de delação premiada de Alberto Youssef, questionado em um habeas corpus no Supremo, o plenário antes teve que decidir o cabimento desta ação contra a decisão do relator do processo.
O Supremo icou dividido. Cinco votos reconheceram a possibili-dade da ação. Cinco votos foram contrários à sua admissibilidade. O ministro Teori Zavascki, por ser neste caso o autor da decisão questionada, estava impedido e, portanto, não participou.
Com o empate, entendeu-se pela interpretação mais favorável ao réu, e o habeas corpus foi admitido. Este resultado inal vai de encontro à jurisprudência da Corte sobre o tema.
No entanto, este resultado é instável. Como ressaltou o ministro Barroso, a decisão não pode ser interpretada como uma mudança na jurisprudência da Corte. Para isso, seria necessário conhecer a posição do ministro Zavascki e obter uma efetiva maioria dos membros do tribunal em algum dos sentidos.
Mas atingir a maioria é impossível. Como chegar a uma decisão de 6 a 5 em um caso desse tipo, em que haverá sempre um ministro - o autor da decisão questionada pelo HC - impedido de votar? O Supremo estaria preso em um labirinto decisório insolúvel? A resposta dependerá da posição adotada pelo ministro Zavascki.
Imagine-se que ele entenda pelo cabimento do habeas corpus. Se, no caso a ser julgado, estiver impedido um ministro que entenda pelo descabimento, Zavascki se juntará aos 5 votos já proferidos pelo cabimento, formando maioria. Seis a 4, habeas corpus admitido.
Page 406
Se, ao contrário, estiver impedido um ministro que aceite o HC, o voto de Zavascki entrará em seu lugar, trocar-se-ia 5 por meia dezena, mantendo-se 5 votos para cada posição. Novo empate, e com ele, inter-pretação mais favorável ao réu. Cinco a 5 HC admitido.
Nesses casos, o problema seria meramente teórico, uma vez que os resultados práticos seriam iguais. O verdadeiro problema surgirá, então, apenas se o ministro Zavascki entender que, quando se trata de decisão de ministro do Supremo, não é cabível habeas corpus.
Neste cenário, se o relator do caso (e, portanto, o voto impedido) for um dos ministros que entenderam pela impossibilidade da ação (Edson Fachin, Luís Roberto Barroso, Rosa Weber, Luiz Fux ou Cármen Lúcia), o voto de Zavascki substituiria o do ministro impedido, mantendo-se o empate. Cinco a 5, HC admitido
Se, por outro lado, o ministro impedido for um...
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