O gênero bate às portas do Supremo
Autor | Ligia Fabris Campos |
Páginas | 335-338 |
Page 335
Hoje o Supremo pode começar a decidir se pessoas trans têm direito ao reconhecimento jurídico e social da sua identidade de gênero, sem necessidade de cirurgia. Pode parecer uma questão especíica, mas não é. É parte de uma onda geral de mobilização para mudar as maneiras pelas quais o direito regula gênero e identidade. Movimentos feministas/LGBTTIQ (Lésbicas, Gays, Bissexuais, Transexuais, Travestis, Intersexuais, Queer) lutam pelos direitos à liberdade e à autodeterminação; direito ao aborto legal e seguro; direito a viver sem violência; direito de ir e vir sem assédio e com segurança, entre muitos outros. A reivindicação por direitos é ampla. Mas qual é, ainal, a importância do direito para os movimentos com pautas de gênero? Qual a relevância das discussões sobre gênero para o direito?
Estudos de gênero se perguntam, fundamentalmente, o que se entende por "homem" e "mulher", como se forma essa distinção e de que maneira ela é estruturante de assimetrias de poder na sociedade. O direito tem um papel central nesse contexto. Em que medida instituições jurídicas regulamentam e normalizam hierarquias de gênero? E como o direito poderia funcionar como instrumento de luta contra tais hierarquias? Para estas questões, não há respostas triviais. Mas o Supremo Tribunal Federal precisará enfrentá-las em um futuro próximo. Dentre as ações hoje em trâmite no tribunal, dois temas se destacam. Neles, está em jogo a autonomia sobre o próprio corpo.
A primeira diz respeito à constitucionalidade do art. 10, §5º da Lei 9.263/96, que estabelece a obrigatoriedade do consentimento expresso do cônjuge para casos de esterilização voluntária. Em parecer, o procu-
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rador geral da República, Rodrigo Janot, já manifestou que, ao proibir o aborto e a esterilização voluntária sem o consentimento de terceiro, o Estado "impõe à mulher situação de restrição extrema", o que representa "grave violência sociojurídica e até psicológica, inaceitável anacronismo jurídico". Não é a capacidade de engravidar que deine o que é ser mulher, mas o fato é que são primordialmente as mulheres que engravidam. Cria-se, assim, uma situação em que a restrição de direitos e suas consequências cerceiam sobretudo a mulher.
Outro caso que se coloca para decisão do STF é o do Recurso Extraordinário 670.422 que questiona a cirurgia de transgenitalização como condição necessária para o reconhecimento da identidade de gênero de pessoas trans. Com ele se relaciona o Recurso...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- O Supremo em 2015
- Direitos fundamentais
- Muito barulho para nada: o caso da liberdade sexual nas forças armadas
- Um Supremo socialmente seletivo?
- A tendência passivista do Supremo
- Mais regras e menos princípio para a liberdade de expressão
- Falta de parâmetros ainda é risco para produção de biografias
- Supremo e as prisões: corte constitucional em vários atos
- Quantos gramas fazem um traficante?
- Por que liberar o Funpen não é solução?
- Por que o STF abre mão de defender a liberdade de imprensa?
- Por que só maconha?
- O gênero bate às portas do Supremo
- O direito de resposta no (e além do) Supremo
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