Fundo de comércio
Autor | Robson Zanetti |
Cargo | Advogado. Doctorat Droit Prive Université de Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne. Corso Singolo Diritto Privato Universitá degli Studi di Milano |
O fundo de comércio tem como elemento essencial a ligação de uma clientela que adquire um produto, ou serviço, de uma determinada pessoa. Esse fundo pode ser adquirido, ou criado, e mantido por uma pessoa.
No caso da exploração de um fundo de comércio, após a assinatura de um contrato de concessão exclusiva, ou de franquia, é necessário observar que a sanção de uma eventual perda de clientes, ou de um insucesso total, recai diretamente sobre o concessionário ou o franqueado.
Para que possamos saber a quem pertence o fundo de comércio, num contrato de concessão exclusiva, ou de franquia, será necessário analisarmos a quem pertence a clientela, porque este é o principal elemento do fundo de comércio. Ou seja: esta clientela pertence ao concedente, ou ao concessionário exclusivo ao franqueador, ou ao franqueado?
Se analisarmos tanto o contrato de concessão exclusiva, como o contrato de franquia, sob o prisma de que a clientela é atraída pela marca de um produto ou serviço, fazendo com que estes contratos deixem de ser aleatórios, verificaremos que a clientela pertence ao concedente, ou ao franqueador. Assim sendo, o concessionário exclusivo, e o franqueado, não tem nenhum fundo de comércio.
Para modificar esta situação, é necessário que o concessionário exclusivo, ou o franqueado, demonstrem que possuem uma clientela própria, independente daquela que é atraída pela marca.
Esta demonstração não é possível quando não existe a independência jurídica do concessionário exclusivo, ou do franqueado (ver artigo que se refere a Desqualificação do Cotrato...
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