Fundamentos do perspectivismo
Autor | Antonio Araújo |
Páginas | 33-36 |
Page 33
Em Race et Histoire, o ensaísta, etnólogo e antropólogo Lévi-Strauss postulara que:
A noção de humanidade, englobando, sem distinção de raça ou de civilização, todas as formas da espécie humana teve um aparecimento muito tardio e uma expansão limitada. Mesmo onde ela pare-ce ter atingido o seu mais alto grau de desenvolvimento, não existe qualquer certeza — tal como a história recente o prova — de se ter estabelecido ao abrigo de equívocos ou de regressões. Mas para vastas frações da espécie humana e durante dezenas de milênios, esta noção parece estar totalmente ausente. [...] o pecado original da antropologia consiste na confusão entre a noção puramente biológica da raça [...] e as produções sociológicas e psicológicas das culturas (raças) humanas. (LÉVI-STRAUSS, 1952, p. 84, 329, 383)
A própria humanidade é segmento em diferenciação cultural:
A atitude mais antiga e que repousa, sem dúvida, sobre fundamentos psicológicos sólidos, pois que tende a reaparecer em cada um de nós quando somos colocados numa situação inesperada, consiste em repudiar pura e simplesmente as formas culturais, morais, religiosas, sociais e estéticas mais afastadas daquelas com que nos
Page 34
identificamos. “Costumes de selvagem”, “isso não é nosso”, “não deveríamos permitir isso”, etc., um sem número de reações grosseiras que traduzem este mesmo calafrio, esta mesma repulsa, em presença de maneiras de viver, de crer ou de pensar que nos são estranhas. (Id. Ibid., p. 333)
De fato, “o homem não realiza a sua natureza numa humanidade abstrata, mas por culturas tradicionais, onde as mudanças mais revolucionárias deixam subsistir intatos aspectos importantes, e explicam-se a si próprias em função de uma situação estritamente definida no tempo e no espaço” (Id. Ibid., p. 335).
E quanto à diferenciação entre o que é ou não humano?
Os Dobu, da Papua Nova-Guiné, consideram humanos os inhames (cf. MALINOWSKI, 1976; MAUSS, 2003; PEIRANO, 2003), o que traduz a perspectiva animista desse grupo. E nós, reconheceríamos a humani-dade dos inhames?
O perspectivismo forma uma rede antropológica plural, sensível ao outro, em que a verdade não é monolítica. Blackburn (1997, p. 138) advoga: “Já que podem existir muitas perspectivas, existem também famílias diferentes de verdades”.
Para além de qualquer filologia ou doxografia, o perpectivismo enraíza o teorema gnoseológico de Nietzsche, onde “não há fatos, apenas interpretações” (KSA 12.315, Nachlass/FP 7[60]). Ou, tal...
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PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Livros e Revistas
- Animalyrics
- Dedicatória
- Agradecimento
- Prólogo
- Introdução e horizonte metodológico
- Fundamentos do perspectivismo
- Holograma cultural e tradições do corpo
- (Não)humano e canibal aos olhos do xamã
- Antropogênese mito-ameríndia
- Perspectivismo x 'La Liberté' de Goya
- Dissecando o Iluminismo Penal
- Colapso do bem jurídico-penal, e Alexy: cai o muro de Alice
- Post Mortem do bem jurídico-penal
- Positivismo sobreconstitucional trans kelseniano e o maltrato animal como delito de lesa-humanidade
- Conclusão: dirética, uma esperança indulgente
- Fontes consultadas e referências
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