Federalismo e meio ambiente: o Supremo não é a solução
Autor | Daniel Vargas |
Páginas | 83-85 |
Page 83
O problema do caso parecia simples: pode a cidade de Belo Horizonte legislar sobre poluição ambiental? Mas alguns minutos de discussão sobre o voto vista do ministro Fachin revelaram camadas mais profundas de um desaio para o Supremo. "Vamos nos posicionar sobre o futuro em um caso de décadas atrás?" - problematiza a ministra Cármen Lúcia. "Em outros casos, já izemos muito mais na organização do federalismo" - reanima o minis-tro Lewandowski. Entre um debate ambiental e outro federativo, ambos suspensos pela vista do ministro Dias Toffoli, a Corte tem diante de si um problema estrutural no direito brasileiro.
O direito ambiental brasileiro é o império da discricionariedade administrativa. No fundo, o que denominamos direito ambiental é, em grande parte, a combinação de um princípio abstrato - o princípio da precaução - com um elenco de procedimentos administrativos locais desorganizados. Falta-nos a "substância" do direito, que estruture e organize a relação entre nossas preocupações ambientais e nossas expectativas econômicas. As leis brasileiras pouco diferenciam o tratamento entre ecossistemas diversos como a Amazônia brasileira e as áreas mais antropizadas. É justamente para evitar os descalabros que deslocamos para o técnico administrativo, na ponta da cadeia ambiental, a responsabilidade insuportável de decidir, no vácuo de parâmetros, o que pode ou não pode ser feito no país.
A situação no direito federativo brasileiro não é muito diferente. Mal regulamentamos a cooperação federativa, como determinam os artigos 23 e 24 da Constituição, na vasta maioria das áreas sociais
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(boas exceções são saúde e assistência social). Não possuímos mecanismos de apoio e resgate federal às regiões com déicit institucional crônico e com problemas mais danosos. Se uma criança deu o azar de nascer em Lábrea, município pobre no extremo sul do Amazonas, por exemplo, este é um problema da criança, da família e de Lábrea, não do Rio de Janeiro, de São Paulo, do Distrito Federal ou da Federação Brasileira. O que temos, no federalismo brasileiro, são meras "promessas de colaboração" combinadas ao emaranhado de procedimentos organizativos inanceiros.
As consequências da "ausência" substantiva do direito são danosas ao país. Na área ambiental, nada é mais racional para um técnico ambiental hoje do que "não decidir". Ele é o elo frágil da cadeia. Qualquer decisão sua pode ser questionada judicialmente, com frequência resultando em processos...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- O Supremo em 2015
- Desafios institucionais
- Três desafios para o Supremo
- A monocratização do STF
- Supremo oscilante
- Crise constitucional brasileira? A desarmonia entre os poderes
- Federalismo e meio ambiente: o Supremo não é a solução
- Por que Lewandowski não pauta a ação da OAB sobre financiamento de campanha, retida por Gilmar?
- Qual o papel do relator no Supremo? Duas respostas em tensão no caso da pederastia
- Para que servem as audiências públicas no STF?
- O que significa o presidente Lewandowski receber o presidente Cunha com a imprensa em frente?
- Campanha para ministro do Supremo?
- Melindrosa e sagrada
- A história do processo que não termina
- Como Luiz Edson Fachin entrará para a História?
- Quando o STF descumpre a Lei de Acesso à Informação
- Marco Aurélio Mello: 25 anos de STF
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