Falo
Autor | Silvane Maria Marchesini |
Ocupação do Autor | Jurista. Psicóloga. Psicanalista. Pós-Graduada, Mestra em Psicologia Clínica |
Páginas | 190-191 |
Page 190
Designa-se pelo termo "falo" [do grego phallos] a representação do pênis em ereção, cha-mado a desempenhar um signiicativo papel chave no intra e intersubjetivo. Freud distinguiu pouco entre falo e pênis. Qualiicou como "fálico" perío-do em que a criança dos dois sexos, entre os três e os cinco anos, vê o seu imaginário dominado pelas peripécias decorrentes da possessão do pênis e o concomitante gozo masturbatório (clitoriano na me-nina). A mãe é até então imaginada como "fálica",
Page 191
e é a descoberta de que falta a ela o pênis que vai precipitar o complexo de castração, ultrapassando a negação inicial.
Jacques Lacan optou por chamar "falo" à representação imaginária e simbólica do pênis para melhor salientar o seu papel na vida fantasmática dos dois sexos, para além de sua presença anatô-mica. A famosa "equação simbólica" formulada por Freud (1918b, 1916-17a, 1924d) - seio, fezes, pênis, bebê - já caminha neste sentido.
A imagem do falo representa no começo, segundo Lacan, o que polariza o desejo da mãe para além do bebê; de modo que se instaura um triângulo imaginário (pré-edipiano): mãe-falo-criança. Esta última esforça-se inicialmente por ser aí o falo para a mãe, até esta mutação capital pela qual, de uma imagem estática de completude e de suiciência, o falo passa a representar o desejo da mãe e, portanto, a sua falta. É a partir daí a forma de uma falta ("-?") que o falo assumirá em toda a demarcação imaginária e, portanto, libidinal (cf.: esquema ótico).
Ele poderá assim desempenhar, diz Lacan, o seu papel de "significante" do desejo. A intermitência especíica de sua ereção, sua aptidão para a fadiga e a impotência (a afânise de Ernest Jones) e, é claro, o fato de que metade dos seres humanos está privada dele, levaram o pênis ereto a simbolizar as vicissitudes cruciais do ser (sujeito) e do ter nos dois sexos, e a constituir o elemento-chave dessa repartição dissimétrica que caracteriza todo sistema simbólico (Roman Jakobson).
Que o falo acede ao papel de significante im-plica que o...
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