Fachin tem razão: é preciso mudar o rito do caso Collor
Autor | Diego Werneck Arguelhes, Thomaz Pereira |
Páginas | 371-372 |
Page 371
Se o voto do ministro Edson Fachin prevalecer na sessão de hoje do Supremo, o procedimento de impeachment da presidente Dilma Rousseff será diferente do de Collor: se autorizado o processo pelo voto de pelo menos dois terços dos deputados, ela seria necessariamente afastada do cargo tão logo o Senado comece o julgamento - e o Senado teria que começar o julgamento.
Não foi isso o que ocorreu em 1992. No procedimento adotado pelo Senado no caso Collor, mesmo após a decisão de pelo menos dois terços dos deputados, o presidente só seria afastado do cargo após uma comissão especial de senadores decidir receber a denúncia vinda da Câmara. Essa é a tese da ADPF em exame no Supremo, e que Fachin indeferiu: mesmo que a Câmara autorizasse o processo, o Senado ainda poderia se recusar a julgar a questão no mérito.
Esta é a questão decisiva no Supremo hoje. Suas implicações políticas e institucionais são muitas. Para um deputado, votar contra a presidente com a certeza de que em seguida ela seria afastada é muito diferente do que fazê-lo sabendo que ela poderá, ainda com poderes de presidente, tentar evitar o recebimento pelo Senado. Para um senador, decidir votar contra a presidente em exercício é muito diferente do que fazê-lo contra uma presidente afastada.
E é exatamente para marcar tal diferença que existe a regra constitucional do afastamento.
Não se pode afastar um presidente levianamente. Mas também é arriscado deixar o país sob o governo de alguém que possa ter co-
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metido crimes de responsabilidade, por dois motivos. Primeiro, pelo impacto na condução das coisas públicas de se ter um presidente cuja principal preocupação é se defender. Segundo, pelo que signiica para o impeachment em si o acusado ter em suas mãos as rédeas do poderoso Executivo Federal. Para enfrentar esse risco duplo sem criar um novo risco de instabilidade institucional, o presidente é afastado durante seu julgamento - mas apenas após ampla oportunidade de defesa e uma custosa decisão de 2/3 dos deputados.
Nesse cenário, ica mais claro porque se afastar do rito adotado pelo Senado em 1992 é uma boa ideia. O Supremo é...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- O Supremo em 2015
- Os caminhos do impeachment
- A estratégia sem consequências de Gilmar Mendes no TSE
- Dilma Rousseff já é inelegível? As contas, o TCU e o impeachment
- Impeachment no STF - O olhar dos ministros sobre o caso Collor
- Juízes podem derrubar o presidente da República?
- Os embargos do impeachment e os critérios de interpretação
- As estratégias jurídicas e políticas por trás dos embargos de Cunha
- O impeachment foi suspenso?
- O passado e o futuro do impeachment
- Fachin tem razão: é preciso mudar o rito do caso Collor
- Julgamento do STF sobre impeachment já começou: na imprensa, não no plenário
- Impeachment: Supremo de Dilma não é o mesmo Supremo de Collor
- Medo levou Eduardo Cunha a iniciar impeachment contra Dilma Rousseff
- As críticas ao STF pelo resultado do julgamento do impeachment
- O 'fator Cunha' interferiu na decisão do STF sobre impeachment?
- STF disse, em 1992, que Senado tinha poder para barrar o impeachment
- STF define o rito do processo de impeachment da presidente Dilma Rousseff
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