Evolução Histórica
Autor | Amauri Mascaro Nascimento/Sônia Mascaro Nascimento |
Páginas | 611-614 |
Page 611
Partiram da Alemanha as primeiras iniciativas para a positivação de um direito de previdência social.
Bismarck apresentou projeto de seguro operário, por meio de mensagem de 17.11.1881, dirigida aos representantes do povo, com a seguinte fundamentação:
Consideramos ser nosso dever imperial pedir ao Reichstag que tome a seu cargo a sorte dos operários e nós poderíamos encarar com uma satisfação muito mais completa todas as obras que nosso governo até agora pôde realizar com a ajuda visível de Deus se pudéssemos ter a certeza de legar à pátria uma garantia nova e durável, que assegure paz interna e dê aos que sofrem a assistência a que têm direito. Nos esforços que fazemos para este fim, contamos seguramente com o assentimento de todos os governos confederados e com o inteiro apoio do Reichstag, sem distinção de partidos. É nesse sentido que está sendo preparado um projeto de lei sobre o seguro dos operários contra os acidentes do trabalho. Esse projeto será completado por outro, cujo fim será organizar, de um modo uniforme, as Caixas de Socorro para o caso de moléstia. Porém, também aqueles que a idade e a invalidez tornaram incapazes de proverem ao ganho quotidiano, têm direito à maior solicitude do que a que lhes tem, até aqui, dado a sociedade. Achar meios e modos de tornar efetiva essa solicitude é, certamente, tarefa difícil, mas ao mesmo tempo uma das mais elevadas em um Estado fundado sobre as bases morais da vida cristã. É pela união íntima das forças vivas do povo e pela organização dessas forças sob a forma de associações cooperativas, colocadas sob a proteção, vigilância e solicitude do Estado, que será possível, nós esperamos, resolver este momentoso problema, que o Estado não poderá resolver por si só, com a mesma eficácia.
Como consequência da argumentação de Bismarck perante o Parlamento, em 13.7.1883, foi sancionada a lei de seguro obrigatório de enfermidade. Em 6.7.1884, a lei de seguro obrigatório de acidente de trabalho. Em 22.7.1889, a lei de seguro obrigatório por invalidez. Em 1911, o seguro obrigatório para empregados, ampliando-se, portanto, o âmbito da proteção, antes apenas dispensada aos operários, trabalhadores de menor qualificação. Posteriormente, foi consolidada a legislação previdenciária no Regulamento de Seguro do Reich.
Page 612
Daí por diante os demais povos viram-se influenciados pela experiência alemã. A França, em 1898, promulgou lei de acidentes de trabalho. A Inglaterra...
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- Beneficiários da Previdência Social
- Benefícios da Previdência Social
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