O Endosso Cambial e as Atividades de 'Factoring
Autor | Roberto Silvestre Bento |
Páginas | 133-138 |
Page 133
“Factoring”, faturização ou fomento mercantil, se define como o contrato que estabelece uma relação jurídica entre duas empresas em que ocorre a compra, por uma delas, de créditos representados por títulos de crédito dos quais a outra é credora, que os transfere àquela, mediante pagamento de um valor entre elas acordado, valor este mensurado em razão dos valores de face dos efeitos negociados.
Este é o conceito esposado pelo autor, ciente de que outros conceitos existem, todos igualmente corretos e aptos a fornecer ao leitor o entendimento e a compreensão do que seja e no que consiste essa atividade, hoje tão utilizada e até indispensável no ambiente comercial.
Não obstante a reconhecida utilidade da faturização, especialmente para as pequenas e médias empresas, importa colocar que essa atividade ainda não encontrou uma regulamentação legal específica no nosso direito positivo. Na verdade, a faturização navega num ambiente de incidência de vários institutos jurídicos, naturalmente com suas características peculiares.
Usa uma roupagem de cessão de crédito, sem ser exatamente uma; usa uma roupagem de endosso cambial, sem ser exatamente um. Por isso se diz que o factoring é um contrato atípico.
É consensual, bilateral e oneroso.
Page 134
Como se disse, o contrato de factoring, também chamado de fomento mercantil, tem suas peculiaridades próprias que o faz distinto de tantos outros, por mais assemelhados que possam ser.
Uma característica marcante, a principal característica da atividade de factoring, é a ausência do direito de regresso contra o faturizado.
É importante e juridicamente relevante essa peculiaridade, posto que, não obstante essa vedação, muitos faturizadores, afrontando a estrutura e a natureza jurídica do fomento mercantil, intercalam no contexto do contrato cláusula preconizando o direito de regresso contra o faturizado, considerando que o faturizador, ao operar com o faturizado, escolhe os títulos que quer negociar, assumindo os riscos da inadimplência dos devedores diretos dos títulos negociados.
Na verdade, no factoring os títulos e os créditos são cedidos ao faturizador em caráter pro soluto, afastando o direito de regresso, não obstante a transferência dos títulos e dos créditos que eles representam se faça via endosso. É que, dada a natureza do contrato de faturização, o endosso utilizado se despoja da garantia que lhe é própria, de modo que a eventual inadimplência dos devedores diretos dos títulos...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Livros e Revistas
- Endosso cambial
- Apresentação
- Prefácio
- O Crédito e seus Títulos
- O Endosso Cambial e o nosso Direito Positivo
- Títulos de Crédito Cambiais no Código Civil de 2002
- Títulos de Crédito Atípicos
- As Declarações Cambiais
- O Endosso
- Endosso e Capacidade Civil
- Tipos de Endosso
- Endosso em Branco
- Endosso em Preto
- Endosso Parcial
- Endosso com Cláusula 'Sem Protesto
- Endosso-Mandato (Mandato Cambiário)
- Endosso-Mandato à Ordem
- Endosso-Mandato Não à Ordem
- Endosso-Mandato e Prestação de Contas
- Renúncia e Revogação do Endosso-Mandato
- Endosso por Procuração
- Endosso-Caução (Endosso Pignoratício)
- Endosso Fiduciário
- Endosso Póstumo
- Endosso Póstumo. Exequibilidade
- Endosso Póstumo e Pedido de Falência
- Momento do Endosso
- Conversão do Endosso
- Elementos de Validade do Endosso
- Endosso e "Tradicio"
- Crédito Cambiário e Direito de Regresso
- Protesto Cambial e Direito de Regresso
- Confusão e Oposição de Compensação
- Restrição à Circulação
- Circulação Anômala
- Endosso Proibido
- Endosso e Cessão de Crédito
- Da Cláusula "Não à Ordem"
- A Solidariedade Cambial
- O Ressaque
- Exoneração de Responsabilidade do Endossante
- Cancelamento do Endosso
- Exceções Cambiárias - Algumas Considerações
- O Endosso Cambial e as Atividades de 'Factoring
- Legislação
- Bibliografia
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