Em um ou num
Autor | Maria Tereza de Queiroz Piacentini |
Cargo | Licenciada em Letras e mestra em Educação pela UFSC |
Páginas | 82-82 |
Page 82
Não há na gramática e tampouco nas obras de literatura nada contra o uso da contração da prep. em com os artigos indefinidos. A aproximação dos dois elementos conduz naturalmente, pela ressonância nasal, à contração: num, numa, nuns, numa. Tanto é que se fala assim.
Deixo por conta de Evanildo Bechara a síntese do caso: "Sabemos desde os primeiros bancos escolares que, quando se encontra na cadeia da frase a preposição de com o artigo definido ou pronome iniciado por vogal, se dá a contração: O livro de o menino / O livro do menino. A casa de ele / A casa dele. Já com os artigos indefinidos e certos pronomes iniciados por vogal esta contração é facultativa: O livro de um menino / O livro dum menino. É revista de outros tempos / É revista doutros tempos" (Na Ponta da Língua, RJ: Lucerna, 2002, p.177).
A observação a fazer é que no Brasil o uso de dum é menos frequente do que em Portugal. Recebi mensagem de um lusitano assim: "Votos dum feliz Natal". Também na Revista Luso-Brasileira de Florianópolis: "A Marcha dum Povo". Entretanto, num é tão usual aqui quanto lá. Existem algumas situações em que a eufonia exige mesmo a contração, por exemplo quando a palavra anterior traz a terminação "em": Creem em um só Deus [em em]. Melhor: Creem num só Deus.
O único caso em que se recomenda (mas não se obriga, cf. exemplo 3, abaixo) usar em um é quando se trata do numeral. Exemplo: Ele estará de volta em um ou dois dias.
Fui procurar este emprego no grande escritor brasileiro Machado de Assis. Em duas páginas seguidas de "Memórias Póstumas de Brás Cubas" (Abril Cultural, 1978, p. 22 e 23) já deparei com três ocorrências:
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