Elemento objetivo
Autor | Octahydes Ballan Junior |
Ocupação do Autor | Promotor de Justiça no Estado do Tocantins. Coordenador do Centro de Apoio Operacional Criminal (2012/2014). Bacharel em Direito pela Faculdade de Direito de Franca |
Páginas | 202-205 |
Page 202
É o núcleo do tipo, qual seja, sequestrar, que é o ato de privar da liberdade de ir e vir. Não há necessidade de deslocamento da vítima, com sua remoção para local distante.
A doutrina admite a incidência desse crime no caso de extorsão praticada mediante cárcere privado.
Damásio esclarece que:
Segundo entendemos, o legislador, no art. 159 do CP, empregou a expressão "sequestro" em sentido amplo, abrangendo o cárcere privado. Em face disso, admitimos extorsão mediante sequestro ou cárcere privado. Caso contrário, se se entendesse apenas existir extorsão mediante sequestro, estaria o legislador punindo mais severamente fato menos grave: o cárcere privado constitui evento de maior gravidade que o sequestro.1
Page 203
No mesmo sentido, Flávio Augusto Monteiro de Barros diz:
O núcleo do tipo é o verbo sequestrar, que significa privar a vítima da sua liberdade de locomoção. O sequestro pode ocorrer mediante subtração da vítima de um local para conduzi-la a outro (deductio de loco a locum) ou retenção, isto é, mantendo-a no local onde ela se encontra (per obsidionem).
O sequestro e o cárcere privado são as duas formas criminosas de supressão da liberdade de ir e vir. Não obstante o tipo penal em apreço mencionar apenas o sequestro, a doutrina revela a uniformidade de vistas no sentido de que o delito também se caracteriza na hipótese de extorsão mediante cárcere privado. Com efeito, no sequestro, a vítima fica detida num recinto mais aberto (exemplo: numa chácara); no cárcere privado, ela fica num recinto fechado, em situação de clausula, com maior restrição à sua liberdade de locomoção (exemplo: num quarto). Fácil perceber que o cárcere privado revela-se mais grave do que o sequestro. Urge, portanto, que se realize a interpretação extensiva, perfeitamente admissível na área penal. Essa interpretação ocorre quando a lei disse menos do que quis (minus dixit quam voluit), encontrando-se o fato implicitamente previsto no texto da lei. De rigor, a incidência do argumento a minori ad maius - o que é proibido para o menos é proibido para o mais. Assim, se o menos, qual seja, a extorsão mediante sequestro é incriminada, o mais, isto é, a extorsão mediante cárcere privado, com maior razão há de ser. Aliás, pode-se considerar o sequestro um gênero, que toma o nome de cárcere privado quando a vítima permanecer enclausurada em algum recinto fechado.2De nossa parte, também entendemos que o legislador empregou o verbo sequestrar em sentido lato...
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