Dos sinais de um bom governo
Autor | Jean-Jacques Rousseau |
Páginas | 139-141 |
Page 139
Quando, pois, se pergunta, de modo absoluto, qual é o melhor governo, cria-se uma questão insolúvel e indeterminada; ou, se se preferir, ela terá tantas boas soluções quantas houver de combinações possíveis nas situações absolutas e relativas dos povos.
Mas se se perguntasse de que modo se pode saber se um dado povo é bem ou mal governado, seria outra coisa, e se poderia resolver a questão de fato. Os súditos louvam a tranquilidade pública, os cidadãos louvam a liberdade dos particulares; prefere um a segurança das posses, e o outro a das pessoas; quer um que o melhor governo seja o mais severo, sustenta o outro que é o mais suave; quer este que se punam os crimes, e aquele, que
Page 140
se os previnam; acha um bonito que se seja temido pelos vizinhos, o outro prefere mais ser ignorado; fica um contente quando o dinheiro circula, o outro exige que o povo tenha pão. Mesmo que se concordasse a respeito desses pontos e outros semelhantes, ter-se-ia adiantado algo? Faltando medida certa às quantidades morais, se se estivesse de acordo sobre o modo, como se estaria a respeito do julgamento?
Quanto a mim, admiro-me sempre que desconheça modo tão simples, ou que se tenha má-fé de não concordar com ele. Qual é o fim da associação política? É a conservação e a prosperidade de seus membros. E qual é o modo mais seguro de se conservarem e prosperarem? Seu número e população. Não procureis, portanto, alhures esse sinal tão disputado. Aliás, sendo todas as coisas iguais, o governo sob o qual, sem meios estranhos, naturalismos, colônias, os cidadãos povoam e se multiplicam mais, é infalivelmente o melhor, e é pior aquele sob o qual o povo diminui e perece. Calculadores, é agora vossa tarefa; contai, medi, comparais6.
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[6] Pelo mesmo princípio, devem ser julgados os séculos merecedores da prerrogativa da prosperidade do gênero humano. Muito se tem admirado os em que se viu florescerem as letras e as artes, sem penetrar no objeto secreto de sua cultura, sem considerar-lhe o funesto efeito, “idque apud imperitos humanitas vocabatur, cum pars servitutis esset”. Jamais veremos nas máximas dos livros o grosseiro interesse que leva os autores a falar? Não, o que quer que possam dizer, quando, malgrado seu brilho, um país se despovoa, não é verdade que tudo ande bem...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Do contrato social. Princípios do direito político
- Livro Terceiro
- Livro Terceiro
- Do governo em geral
- Do princípio que constitui as diversas formas de governo
- Divisão dos governos
- Da democracia
- Da aristocracia
- Da monarquia
- Dos governos mistos
- Nem toda forma de governo é adequada a todos os países
- Dos sinais de um bom governo
- Do abuso do governo e da sua tendência a se degenerar
- Da morte do corpo político
- Como se mantém a autoridade soberana
- Continuação
- Continuação
- Dos deputados ou representantes
- A instituição do governo não é um contrato
- Da instituição do governo
- Meio de prevenir as usurpações do governo
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