Divisão dos governos
Autor | Jean-Jacques Rousseau |
Páginas | 111-112 |
Page 111
No Capítulo precedente, viu-se por que razão se distinguem as várias espécies ou formas de governo pelo número dos membros que o compõem; resta ver agora como se faz essa divisão.
Pode o soberano, em primeiro lugar, confiar o depósito do governo a todo o povo ou à sua maior parte, de modo que haja mais cidadãos magistrados do que cidadãos simples particulares. Dá-se a essa forma de governo o nome de Democracia.
Ou então pode concentrar o governo nas mãos de um pequeno número, de modo que tenha, aí, mais cidadãos simples do que magistrados, e esta forma tem o nome de Aristocracia.
Enfim, pode ele concentrar todo o governo nas mãos de um magistrado único, do qual todos os demais recebem seu poder. Esta terceira forma é a mais comum, e se chama Monarquia ou governo real.
Deve-se assinalar que todas essas formas ou, pelo menos, as duas primeiras são suscetíveis de restrições e de ampliações e têm mesmo uma grande latitude; a Demo-
Page 112
cracia pode abranger todo o povo ou restringir-se até a metade. A Aristocracia, por sua vez, pode restringir-se desde a metade do povo até o menor número indeterminado. A Realeza é suscetível de alguma divisão. Teve Esparta constantemente dois reis pela sua constituição, e viram-se até oito imperadores no Império Romano, ao mesmo tempo, sem que se possa dizer que o Império fosse dividido. Há, assim, um ponto em que cada forma de governo se confunde com a seguinte, e vê-se que, sob três únicas denominações, o governo é suscetível...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Do contrato social. Princípios do direito político
- Livro Terceiro
- Livro Terceiro
- Do governo em geral
- Do princípio que constitui as diversas formas de governo
- Divisão dos governos
- Da democracia
- Da aristocracia
- Da monarquia
- Dos governos mistos
- Nem toda forma de governo é adequada a todos os países
- Dos sinais de um bom governo
- Do abuso do governo e da sua tendência a se degenerar
- Da morte do corpo político
- Como se mantém a autoridade soberana
- Continuação
- Continuação
- Dos deputados ou representantes
- A instituição do governo não é um contrato
- Da instituição do governo
- Meio de prevenir as usurpações do governo
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