Os Destinatários do Direito Penal Militar
Autor | Frederico Magno de Melo Veras |
Páginas | 39-42 |
Page 39
O CJM português possui diversos tipos penais nos quais o agente pode ser um civil31. Além disso, estão pre-vistas condutas delitivas que só podem ser cometidas por civis, é o caso do artigo 76.º, b) e c). De igual forma, o CPM brasileiro faz a previsão de diversos crimes que podem ser cometidos por civis, fazendo em abundância a previsão de crimes militares praticáveis exclusivamente por civis, por exemplo, os artigos 172, 183, 184 e 185.
Não obstante, no cotidiano das cortes militares, tanto no Brasil como em Portugal, são os militares que habitualmente
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figuram como argüidos. Deixando para frente a necessária diferenciação entre o crime militar próprio ou impróprio, importa verificar neste momento se entre os militares submetidos a julgamento existe alguma diferenciação importante.
Como sabido, em Portugal estão sujeitos às normas do CJM não só os militares das Forças Armadas Portuguesas, mas igualmente os integrantes da Guarda Nacional Republicana. Enquanto as Forças Armadas se sujeitam ao artigo 275.º da CRP, a GNR vincula-se à norma constitucional do artigo 272.º. Destaque-se que em tempo de paz os componentes da GNR se acham vinculados não ao Ministério da Defesa, mas sim ao Ministério da Administração Pública.
"Um dos aspectos mais controvertidos no processo de aprovação do CJM consiste na possibilidade de os militares da GNR poderem cometer alguns dos crimes estritamente militares especiais"32, sendo evidente que
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a diversidade das funções desempenhadas provoca certas dificuldades em tratar de forma idêntica duas categorias de militares.
A função desempenhada pela GNR é completamente diversa da atribuída às Forças Armadas, pois esta tem uma função de policiamento ostensivo e repressivo33. Em tal função, existe um contato próximo com as populações, cuja segurança é objeto das preocupações da GNR, sendo que os componentes desta não devem ter por filosofia a destruição do inimigo34, devem, isto sim, para o completo de-
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sempenho de suas missões, procurar prender os suspeitos de crimes, sem provocar-lhes, na medida possível, qualquer dano físico. Apenas para reforçar este ponto, imagine-se o absurdo que seria a detonação de uma granada explosiva de alta potência, lançada por um componente da GNR numa casa na qual um suspeito estava escondido.
As Polícias Militares Estaduais são o equivalente brasileiro à GNR, tratando-se de forças empenhadas na defesa da segurança pública, mas que seguem preceitos...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Livros e Revistas
- Culpabilidade nos crimes propriamente militares
- Prefácio
- Apresentação
- Introdução
- O Desenvolvimento do Conceito de Culpabilidade
- A Evolução do Direito Penal Militar
- Os Destinatários do Direito Penal Militar
- O Crime Propriamente Militar
- Um Direito Constitucional Penal Militar?
- A Culpabilidade Diferenciada nos Crimes Militares
- Conclusão
- Bibliografía
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