Da negociação coletiva: Convenções e acordos coletivos de trabalho
Autor | James Magno Araújo Farias |
Ocupação do Autor | Desembargador do Tribunal Regional do Trabalho da 16ª Região/MA; Presidente (2016/2017); Corregedor Regional (2014/2015) |
Páginas | 128-131 |
Page 128
A Constituição Federal de 1988, no art. 8º, VI, diz que é obrigatória a participação dos sindicatos nas negociações coletivas. No art. 7º, XXVI, reconhece a validade das convenções e acordos coletivos de trabalho.
A negociação coletiva é método de autocomposição de solução de conflitos e se destina, especificamente, a solucionar conflitos trabalhistas de natureza coletiva. Na forma de heterocomposição, o conflito é solucionado mediante decisão de terceiros, externos à controvérsia. Essa decisão tem caráter obrigatório. São exemplos de heterocomposição, a jurisdição, a arbitragem, a conciliação e a mediação. A negociação coletiva assemelha-se à transação e acaba por firmar negócio jurídico de caráter normativo.
Maurício Godinho Delgado ensina que as convenções e os acordos coletivos de trabalho "qualificam-se como alguns dos mais específicos e notáveis destaques próprios do Direito do Trabalho no universo jurídico dos dois últimos séculos. Na verdade, firmam o marco que esse ramo jurídico especializado estabeleceu com relação a conceitos e sistemáticas clássicas do Direito Comum: é que eles privilegiam e somente se compreendem em função da noção do ser coletivo (vejam-se, além desses institutos da negociação coletiva, também as figuras do sindicato e da greve, por exemplo). Com isso, fazem contraposição à hegemonia incontestável do ser individual no estuário civilista preponderante no universo jurídico".205
A flexibilização dos direitos trabalhistas passa atualmente pelo caminho sindical; está provado que ocorre a redução de direitos menos através de lei e mais pela celebração de Acordo ou Convenção Coletiva de Trabalho. Como o trabalhador busca sempre a preservação do emprego, muitas vezes permitea
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celebração de acordos de redução salarial ou troca de garantias pecuniárias pela manutenção do posto.
E a Jurisprudência mais recente vem entendendo,perigosamente, que quase tudo pode ser flexibilizado em ACT ou CCT, com exceção de cláusulas fundamentais.
A doutrina e a jurisprudência entendem, porém, que a participação obrigatória citada pela Constituição Federal é do sindicato profissional, na medida em que nos acordos coletivos, firmados entre empregados e empresas, não há a participação obrigatória do sindicato econômico.
Assim, os sujeitos da negociação serão, de um lado, os sindicatos profissionais e, de outro lado, os sindicatos dos patronais.
A Convenção 154 da OIT, ratificada pelo Brasil, dispõe sobre o fomento à...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Direito Constitucional do Trabalho
- Direito do trabalho coletivo
- A formação histórica do sindicalismo
- O sindicalismo após a Constituição Federal de 1988
- Natureza do Sindicato
- Patrimônio do Sindicato
- Contribuições para a entidade Sindical
- Número legal de dirigentes Sindicais
- Da negociação coletiva: Convenções e acordos coletivos de trabalho
- Direito de greve
- Comissões de conciliação prévia
- Legislar, flexibilizar ou reduzir direitos para garantir empregos?
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