Da alteração da competência material na execução e os processos em curso em razão da Emenda n. 45/04
Autor | Mauro Schiavi |
Ocupação do Autor | Juiz titular da 19a Vara do Trabalho de São Paulo. Mestre e Doutor em Direito das Relações Sociais pela PUC/SP |
Páginas | 81-83 |
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Há acirradas discussões sobre os efeitos da alteração da competência material do órgão no qual se processa a execução.
Parte da doutrina e jurisprudência sustentam que o processo deve permanecer no próprio órgão que proferiu a decisão na fase de conhecimento em razão dos princípios da estabilização da lide econômica e celeridade processuais.
Nesse sentido, a seguinte ementa:
AÇÃO DE INDENIZAÇÃO POR DANOS MATERIAIS E MORAIS DECORRENTE DE ACIDENTE DE TRABALHO PROCESSADA E JULGADA NA JUSTIÇA ESTADUAL COMUM. SENTENÇA DE MÉRITO PROFERIDA ANTES DA EMENDA CONSTITUCIONAL N. 45/2004.
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RECURSO DE APELAÇÃO. COMPETÊNCIA DA JUSTIÇA ESTADUAL. Não é de competência desta Justiça Especializada o julgamento de recurso contra sentença de mérito prolatada antes da promulgação da EC n. 45/04, por Juiz da Justiça Estadual. (TRT/SP - 02365200537202009 - RO - Ac. 12ª T. -20060939596 - relª. Sonia Maria Prince Franzini - DOE 1º.12.2006)
Não obstante o respeito que merece o entendimento acima, com ele não concordamos, pois, uma vez cessada a competência material, o juiz não pode mais atuar no processo, porque falta um pressuposto processual de validade da relação jurídica processual, que é a competência material.
Nesse sentido, ensina com propriedade Enrico Tullio Liebman91:
A competência é um pressuposto processual, ou seja, requisito de validade do processo e de seus atos, no sentido de que o juiz sem competência não pode realizar atividade alguma e deve apenas declarar sua própria incompetência (...). Seus atos são nulos.
Não se aplica à hipótese o princípio da perpetuatio jurisdictionis, previsto no art. 43 do CPC, pois nesse próprio artigo há exceção quanto à competência em razão da matéria.
Além disso, as regras de competência previstas na Constituição Federal têm aplicação imediata, pois não houve qualquer ressalva, por parte da Emenda n. 45, quanto aos processos em curso92.
Mesmo os processos com recurso pendente de julgamento e em fase de execução, com o trânsito em julgado da decisão, devem ser encaminhados à Justiça do Trabalho, não se aplicando à hipótese o art. 781 do CPC, pois o referido dispositivo somente disciplina a competência funcional para o processo de execução.
Como destaca Estêvão Mallet:
(...) os autos dos processos em tramitação perante a Justiça Comum Esta-dual ou Federal, ao tempo da publicação da Emenda Constitucional n. 45, doravante de competência da Justiça do Trabalho, devem ser a esta última remetidos de imediato...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Execução no Processo do Trabalho
- Teoria Geral da Execução Trabalhista
- Introdução e aspectos críticos
- Do conceito de execução trabalhista
- Princípios da execução trabalhista
- Da aplicação subsidiária do Código de Processo Civil na execução trabalhista e as lacunas da Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho
- Competência para a execução trabalhista
- Da alteração da competência material na execução e os processos em curso em razão da Emenda n. 45/04
- Da prescrição na execução trabalhista
- Da conciliação na execução trabalhista
- Da audiência de conciliação na execução trabalhista
- Requisitos preliminares da execução trabalhista (pressupostos processuais e condições da ação executiva)
- Das condições da ação em espécie
- Do mérito da execução
- A postura do Juiz do Trabalho diante da execução
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