Corte internacional de justiça
Autor | Carlos Roberto Husek |
Ocupação do Autor | Desembargador do TRT da 2ª Região Professor da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo. Membro da Academia Paulista de Direito, Membro da Comunidade de Juristas da Língua Portuguesa |
Páginas | 328-331 |
Page 328
A Corte Internacional de Justiça ocupou o lugar da Corte Permanente de Justiça, de fevereiro de 1922, da época da Sociedade das Nações.
Com a criação da ONU em 1945, nos artigos 92 a 96 de sua Carta estatuiu-se o Tribunal Internacional de Justiça, como principal órgão Judiciário das Nações Unidas.
A Corte é regida pelo seu Estatuto, adaptação do antigo Estatuto da Corte Permanente de 1922. Os membros das Nações Unidas poderão criar outros órgãos (Tribunais/Cortes), como realmente tem acontecido ao longo dos anos, a exemplo do Tribunal de Justiça da Comunidade Europeia, o Tribunal Europeu dos Direitos do Homem, a Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos e outros. Todos os membros da ONU poderão fazer parte da Corte Internacional e se comprometem, como não poderia deixar de ser, em obedecer a sentença da Corte.
A Corte é formada por 15 (quinze juízes) eleitos pela Assembleia Geral e pelo Conselho de Segurança, para um mandato de nove anos, sendo possível a reeleição, procedendo-se à renovação pelo terço a cada três anos (cada três anos termina o mandato de cinco juízes). Não pode na Corte figurarem dois juízes nacionais do mesmo país. Devem ser eleitos entre pessoas de alta consideração moral, jurisconsultos de reconhecida competência internacional e que possam estar preparados para exercer as funções jurisdicionais. Não são tais juízes escolhidos por um critério de nacionalidade ou geográfico, mas que representem as mais diversas escolas de pensamento jurídico, os principais sistemas jurídicos mundiais. Já foram juízes brasileiros na Corte: Filadelfo Azevedo, Levi Carneiro, José Sette Camara, Francisco Rezek e atualmente Antonio Augusto Cançado Trindade.
O Presidente e o Vice-Presidente são eleitos para um mandato de três anos, e são reelegíveis.
Page 329
Com a criação da Corte e com a sua atuação há, efetivamente, a realização, ainda que gradual, porque em construção, de um ideal de Justiça internacional. Embora, a primeira, a Corte Permanente de 1922, observa-se o desiderato de atuar num contencioso inter-estatal e o Estatuto da atual CIJ tenha absorvido muitas das regras anteriores, sua atuação e o conjunto dos tribunais criados desde 1945, parece ampliar essa perspectiva, porquanto se outras coletividades e o indivíduo...
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PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Livros e Revistas
- Curso de Direito Internacional Público
- Nota explicativa
- Introdução. Noções gerais
- Direito interno e direito internacional. Teorias
- Sujeitos internacionais
- Tratados
- O tratado no Brasil
- Estados
- Estado (território)
- Espaços internacionais
- Estado: órgãos de relação externa
- O estado e a soberania
- As organizações internacionais
- As organizações não governamentais - ONGS
- Direito da integração
- A união europeia. Aspectos gerais
- A américa latina. Mercosul
- A organização internacional do trabalho
- Litígios internacionais. Soluções diplomáticas, jurídicas e coercitivas. Guerra
- Corte internacional de justiça
- Tribunal penal internacional e cortes similares
- Segurança, terrorismo e novos paradigmas internacionais
- Da intervenção humanitária
- O homem. Aspectos internacionais
- Direito internacional e meio ambiente
- Relações econômicas internacionais. Noções
- Bibliografia
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