Controle Ambiental sobre a Indústria de Construção no Brasil
Autor | Denize de Souza Carvalho do Val e José Fagundes do Val |
Ocupação do Autor | Sócia e associado de Do Val, Pereira de Almeida, Sitzer e Gregolin, advogados. |
Páginas | #4 |
Nos últimos anos, a população brasileira vem se tornando cada vez mais consciente e ativa em assuntos ambientais. O rápido crescimento industrial, os níveis crescentes de poluição e os índices de desmatamento levaram o governo a focar em assuntos ambientais desde o final da década de 90. Como conseqüência, uma nova lei ambiental foi criada no Brasil (Lei 9.605, de 12 de fevereiro de 1998), com regras consolidadas e definindo "crimes" ambientais.
A opinião pública sobre o efeito de problemas ambientais tornou as empresas mais cuidadosas. Existe um controle e gerenciamento mais estrito de resíduos e poluição residual, exigindo soluções técnicas que devem ser seguidas a fim de minimizar o impacto ambiental, especialmente após a Resolução CONAMA 307.
A Resolução 307 estabelece linhas de direção, critérios e procedimentos para o gerenciamento de resíduos de indústrias de construção, focando na não-produção de resíduos e considerando que os geradores de resíduos devem ser responsabilizados pelos resíduos de suas atividades de construção (remodelando, reparando e demolindo estruturas), bem como por aqueles resultantes da remoção de vegetação.
O uso da madeira na indústria de construção é extremamente controlado e a madeira que não for incorporada às atividades deverá ser reutilizada, reciclada ou temporariamente armazenada. Além disso, é possível que esses resíduos de madeira sejam aplicados em outras atividades econômicas que utilizem pedaços de madeira, tais como, por exemplo, madeira usada para combustível.
Portanto, a indústria de construção começou a gerenciar seus resíduos de forma a reduzir, reutilizar ou reciclar aqueles resíduos. Este gerenciamento inclui o planejamento, responsabilidades, procedimentos práticos e recursos para desenvolver e implementar as ações necessárias para o preenchimento dos estágios previstos em programas que foquem a redução da geração de resíduos, especificando assim materiais ou sistemas que aumentem o desempenho ambiental.
Cada local de construção elaborará um Plano Integrado de Gerenciamento de Resíduos, que consiste: (i) em estabelecer linhas e procedimentos para o Programa Municipal de Gerenciamento de Resíduos de Construção e para Projetos de Gerenciamento de Resíduos da Construção Civil, tornando todos os geradores responsáveis por seus resíduos; (ii) na definição e no registro oficial de áreas públicas e privadas que devem receber, selecionar e armazenar temporariamente pequenos volumes de resíduos, em...
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