Continuação
Autor | Jean-Jacques Rousseau |
Páginas | 153-155 |
Page 153
Não basta que o povo reunido haja fixado, uma vez, a constituição do Estado ao sancionar um corpo de leis: não basta que haja estabelecido um governo perpétuo ou que tenha provido de uma vez por todas a eleição dos magistrados. Além das assembleias extraordinárias, que podem exigir casos imprevistos, é preciso que haja fixas e periódicas, que nada possam abolir ou prorrogar, de tal modo que o povo seja legitimamente convocado, no dia marcado, pela lei, sem que, para isso, se tenha necessidade de qualquer outra convocação formal.
Mas fora dessas assembleias jurídicas pela própria data, qualquer assembleia do povo, a qual não tenha sido convocada pelos magistrados indicados para isso de acordo com as formas prescritas, deve ser considerada ilegítima e nulo tudo o que aí se faça, porque a própria ordem de reunir deve partir da lei.
Quanto às convocações mais ou menos frequentes das assembleias legítimas, dependem de tantas considerações que não se poderia dar a respeito regras precisas. Somente se pode dizer, de um modo geral, que quanto
Page 154
mais força tiver o governo, mais frequentemente se deve mostrar.
Dir-me-ão que isso pode ser bom para uma só ci-dade, mas como proceder quando o Estado se compõe de muitas? Partilhar-se-á a autoridade soberana, ou se deverá concentrá-la numa única e submeter todo o resto?
Respondo que não se deve fazer nem uma nem outra coisa. Em primeiro lugar, a autoridade soberana é simples e una, não podendo dividir-se sem ser destruída. Em segundo lugar, não pode uma cidade, tal como uma nação, estar legitimamente sujeita a uma outra, porque a essência do corpo político está no acordo da obediência e da liberdade, e as palavras “súditos” e “soberano” são correlações idênticas, cuja ideia se reúne num só nome, o de “cidadão”.
...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Do contrato social. Princípios do direito político
- Livro Terceiro
- Livro Terceiro
- Do governo em geral
- Do princípio que constitui as diversas formas de governo
- Divisão dos governos
- Da democracia
- Da aristocracia
- Da monarquia
- Dos governos mistos
- Nem toda forma de governo é adequada a todos os países
- Dos sinais de um bom governo
- Do abuso do governo e da sua tendência a se degenerar
- Da morte do corpo político
- Como se mantém a autoridade soberana
- Continuação
- Continuação
- Dos deputados ou representantes
- A instituição do governo não é um contrato
- Da instituição do governo
- Meio de prevenir as usurpações do governo
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