- Início
- Livros E Revistas
- Responsabilidade Objetiva E Subjetiva do Empregador Em Face do Código Civil
Considerações Finais
Autor | Enoque Ribeiro dos Santos |
Ocupação do Autor | Professor Associado da Faculdade de Direito da Universidade de São Paulo |
Páginas | 403-404 |
Page 403
A pedra de toque do Direito do Trabalho é a não imputação dos riscos da atividade econômica ao empregado, correlata à sua não participação nos resultados financeiros do empreendimento. Com esse entendimento, o Judiciário Trabalhista adota, há décadas, a teoria da responsabilidade objetiva, com fulcro no art. 2º, § 2º, da Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho.
No Processo do Trabalho, a responsabilidade dos sócios é objetiva, respondendo os mesmos com seus respectivos patrimônios no caso de descumprimento de obrigações trabalhistas, de forma a não permitir o locupletamento indevido do trabalho alheio.
Faculta-se ao juiz, nesse campo, adotar a teoria da despersonalização da pessoa jurídica, gravada no art. 2º, § 2º, da CLT, fazendo com que o crédito trabalhista busque o patrimônio do devedor onde quer que ele se encontre, como um direito de sequela. Se o patrimônio da pessoa jurídica desaparecer ou não for encontrado, os sócios e os diretores responderão com seus patrimônios particulares.
O novo Código Civil de 2002 veio sedimentar esse entendimento com a adoção explícita da teoria da responsabilidade objetiva, já aplicada no caso concreto há décadas no Direito do Trabalho.
O legislador houve por bem, no que foi feliz e oportuno, promover uma espécie de completude no âmbito da responsabilidade civil no novo Código, por um lado bipartindo-a em responsabilidade subjetiva e objetiva, enquanto por outro essas duas espécies de responsabilidade se completam, aperfeiçoando o ordenamento jurídico e tornando-o mais condizente com a realidade dos fatos.
Da mesma forma que os princípios da eticidade, a operabilidade e a socialidade nortearam a criação do novo Código Civil, podemos dizer que a responsabilidade civil objetiva e subjetiva, que agora se complementam no
Page 404
sentido de dar proteção ao ofendido, transmudou-se de uma concepção individualista para assumir na atualidade uma concepção fundamentalmente social, postando-se em linha com os institutos modernos de proteção à dignidade da pessoa humana, que constitui fundamento de validade do Estado Democrático de Direito e, por que não dizer, da própria preservação da espécie humana.
Na busca do aperfeiçoamento dos institutos da responsabilidade civil objetiva e subjetiva no Direito do Trabalho precisamos criar, sem tardar, por meio dos canais legislativos...
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PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Livros e Revistas
- Responsabilidade objetiva e subjetiva do empregador em face do código civil
- Notas do Autor à Terceira Edição
- Notas do Autor à Segunda Edição
- Prefácio
- Responsabilidade Objetiva e Subjetiva do Empregador em Face do Código Civil
- Teoria do Risco e da Responsabilidade Civil Aplicáveis ao Direito do Trabalho
- A Responsabilidade Objetiva e Subjetiva da Empresa na Prática do Direito do Trabalho (A posição dos Tribunais do Trabalho)
- Considerações Finais
- Referências Bibliográficas
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