- Início
- Livros E Revistas
- Emprego Doméstico no Brasil. Raízes Históricas, Trajetórias E Regulamentação
Conclusões e Perspectivas
Autor | Cristina Pereira Vieceli, Julia Giles Wünsch e Mariana Willmersdorf Steffen |
Páginas | 135-138 |
Page 135
No período de que tratam as análises empíricas deste livro, o mercado de trabalho brasileiro revelou uma trajetória de aquecimento expresso na geração continuada de novos postos de trabalho formais, no aumento dos rendimentos das famílias e na menor desigualdade na distribuição das rendas do trabalho. Esta dinâmica do mercado de trabalho reletiu-se diretamente tanto no peril pessoal das empregadas domésticas como nas suas condições ocupacionais. O envelhecimento das domésticas foi maior do que o do conjunto das mulheres ocupadas, houve um aumento em sua escolaridade e ampliou-se a formalização do emprego, com elevação na parcela de mensalistas com carteira de trabalho assinada e de contribuintes regulares para a previdência social. Além disso, registrou-se uma diminuição na rotatividade do trabalho, com aumento no tempo de permanência no mesmo emprego, e nas diferenças salariais entre as domésticas e o total das ocupadas.
O ambiente favorável do mercado de trabalho reletiu-se também positivamente sobre as lutas das empregadas domésticas pela equiparação dos direitos trabalhistas, resultando em avanços importantes na legislação, com a promulgação da Lei Complementar n. 150. Ainda assim, esses avanços ocorreram de forma parcial, reairmando motivações que se veriicam desde as primeiras regulamentações do trabalho doméstico de proteção e segurança ao empregador em detrimento da igualdade de direitos entre trabalhadores.
O emprego doméstico, ainda que tenha passado por marcantes mudanças, permanece como ocupação precária relativamente ao conjunto da atividade laboral feminina. Ocupado majoritariamente por mulheres negras e relativamente mais idosas, com baixa escolaridade e com uma elevada proporção de responsáveis pelo sustento de suas famílias, o trabalho doméstico remunerado mantém um alto grau de informalidade, os rendimentos relativos são inferiores e as jornadas mais elevadas (no caso das mensalistas) ou instáveis (diaristas).
O viés de gênero, raça e classe vinculado ao emprego doméstico está relacionado com a estrutura da sociedade patriarcal capitalista, em que os trabalhos reprodutivos são destinados principalmente às mulheres, e com especiicidades da formação histórica cada país. No caso do Brasil, assim como em outros países marcados por grande desigualdade social e por elevada escassez na oferta de serviços públicos como creches, escolas e instituições de cuidados com idosos, o ingresso maciço de mulheres...
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PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Livros e Revistas
- Emprego Doméstico no Brasil. Raízes históricas, trajetórias e regulamentação
- Minha vó já foi empregada doméstica
- Prefácio - Gênero e Desigualdade no Trabalho Doméstico
- Introdução
- Teoria Feminista e a Leitura sobre a Inserção Desigual da Mulher na Sociedade
- Raça e Gênero nas Raízes Históricas do Emprego Doméstico no Brasil
- Um Perfil Contemporâneo do Emprego Doméstico no Brasil
- Continuidade e Mudança no Emprego Doméstico no Brasil, 1996-2013
- Os Determinantes do Emprego Doméstico no Brasil nos Anos 2000
- Direitos Parcelados: Trajetória da Legislação do Emprego Doméstico no Brasil
- Conclusões e Perspectivas
- Notas sobre os Autores
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