Conclusão
Autor | Antonio Bazilio Floriani Neto |
Ocupação do Autor | Pós-graduado em Direito Previdenciário e Processual Previdenciário pela PUCPR. Mestre em Direito Econômico e Socioambiental pela PUCPR. Professor de pós-graduação lato sensu. Advogado |
Páginas | 153-155 |
Page 153
Se é a dose ministrada que irá diferir o remédio do veneno, a mesma premissa se aplica à intervenção estatal. Se o liberalismo clássico supervalorizou a força do Estado, impedindo que este interferisse na economia, o modelo in-terventivo brasileiro hodierno, relativo à segurança e a saúde do trabalhador, parece estar pendendo para a dose letal.
Comumente, o SAT, o seu multiplicador, os nexos técnicos e as ações regressivas vêm recebendo diversas críticas da comunidade jurídica: seja quanto à legalidade, aos erros ou o repasse de maiores responsabilidades para a iniciativa privada. No entanto, por se tratar de um trabalho científico, não poderíamos aqui simplesmente reputar tudo o que se diz acerca deste sistema protetivo como verdades absolutas.
Justamente por isso, buscou-se realizar, inicialmente, a hermenêutica histórica em torno do SAT. Viu-se que em pleno século XX o Brasil ainda não havia conferido direitos mínimos para seus trabalhadores e, não bastasse tal, coube à iniciativa privada, por meio de um encontro realizado no Centro Industrial do Brasil, incentivar à criação do Decreto n. 3.724/1919.
Nesse contexto, nasceu o SAT, privado, com uma sistemática precária, difícil de ser recebido. Dentre os méritos do diploma, estava o rompimento com a teoria da culpa aquiliana e a adoção da teoria do contrato. A primeira impunha o dever do ofendido de demonstrar o dano e provar a conduta culposa do ofensor. Já a teoria do contrato subverteu a lógica, colocando o ônus da prova a favor do trabalhador. Com o Decreto n. 24.637/1934 ganha forca a teoria do risco profissional, a qual pressupõe que toda atividade envolve riscos e, assim sendo, prevê a responsabilidade do empregador pelo simples fato de explorar a atividade econômica. Já o Decreto n. 7.036/1967 elasteceu o conceito de acidente de trabalho, incluindo no seu rol os acidentes in itinere.
Page 154
A estatização do SAT somente ocorreu com a Lei n. 5.316/1967, momento em que a Previdência Social passou a gerir a exação adotando a teoria do risco social, ou seja, toda a sociedade deve custeá-lo, porque os acidentes laborativos impactam não só a relação empregatícia, mas a sociedade em geral. Vale lembrar que a natureza pública desta contribuição tem menos de 50 anos.
E foi desta forma, estatizado, que o SAT foi previsto pela Constituição de 1988, ordem que promoveu grandes avanços nos direitos fundamentais, institucionalizou o regime democrático em nosso país, além de ter...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Livros e Revistas
- Seguro de acidentes do trabalho: Voracidade Fiscal, empresas e economia
- Agradecimentos
- Lista de ilustrações
- Prefácio
- Introdução
- Hermenêutica histórica do seguro contra acidentes do trabalho
- O 'novo' seguro de acidentes do trabalho
- O fator acidentário de prevenção, nexos técnicos e ações regressivas
- Indução das decisões empresariais: exaltação e limites
- Quando o direito encontra a economia
- Conclusão
- Referências
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