- Início
- Livros E Revistas
- Aspectos Jurídicos Controversos Dos Juros E Da Comissão de Permanência
- A Comissão de Permanência Propriamente Dita
A comissão de permanência sob a ótica das perdas e danos
Autor | Glauber Moreno Talavera |
Ocupação do Autor | Executivo corporativo em São Paulo; Doutor e Mestre em Direito Civil pela PUC-SP |
Páginas | 233-238 |
Page 233
O descumprimento de obrigação contratual não pode, por óbvio, quedar sem consequências, sob pena de conceber-se o contrato como instrumento de enriquecimento sem causa, locupletamento do devedor impontual às custas do contraente adimplente. A inexecução da prestação avençada converte-se em perdas e danos, que devem abranger a totalidade do prejuízo sofrido pelo credor em decorrência da impontualidade do devedor. Esse prejuízo pode ser de ordem moral ou material. Este último possui duas facetas:
1. os danos emergentes, ou seja, a diminuição patrimonial efetivamente sofrida pelo credor; e, 2. os lucros cessantes, ou seja, aquilo que o credor razoavelmente deixou de ganhar em virtude da conduta do devedor que se quedou inerte face à obrigação assumida contratualmente.
Partindo da premissa de que a comissão de permanência representa espécie de juros monetários, mais precisamente modalidade de juros compensatórios, que fluem a partir do vencimento da prestação não executada pelo mutuário, fica patente que sua função – enquanto encargo incidente nas operações de concessão de crédito – é cobrir as perdas e danos experimentados pela instituição financeira mutuante por força do inadimplemento suportado. Conforme já referenciado neste trabalho, a impontualidade do devedor mutuário impõe à instituição financeira mutuante a manutenção em carteira de um ativo vencido, que já deveria ter sido objeto de liquidação.
Page 234
Muito embora não haja dinheiro marcado, o montante correspondente às operações ativas de um banco deve necessariamente ter como lastro volume equivalente relativo às suas operações passivas, haja vista que a mera impontualidade do devedor produz um desen-lace entre suas operações ativas e passivas (aquilo que na terminologia consagrada pelos agentes de mercado denomina-se correntemente “descasamento entre ativos e passivos”).
Suponhamos, lançando mão do mesmo exemplo já utilizado, agora focados no enquadramento da comissão de permanência sob a ótica das perdas e danos, que, para viabilizar uma gama de opera-ções de concessão de créditos realizadas em certas condições e com um determinado prazo de vencimento, uma instituição financeira tenha captado recursos no mercado mediante emissão de CDBs – Certificados de Depósitos Bancários. Ao tempo do resgate dos CDBs pelos poupadores, a instituição financeira supõe que já estará de posse do numerário emprestado a seus tomadores. A impontualidade dos tomadores frustra essa...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Aspectos jurídicos controversos dos juros e da comissão de permanência
- A Comissão de Permanência Propriamente Dita
- Comissão de permanência - Conceito
- A legitimidade da fonte da qual emana a autorização para a cobrança da comissão de permanência
- As razões de ordem prática que ensejam a cobrança da comissão de permanência: descasamento entre ativos e passivos e risco de refinanciamento em condições adversas
- A comissão de permanência sob a ótica das perdas e danos
- O enquadramento da comissão de permanência na categoria dos juros compensatórios
- A inexistência de potestatividade nas disposições contratuais estipuladoras da comissão de permanência
- O descabimento da cobrança da comissão de permanência à taxa SELIC
- A cobrança da comissão de permanência: natureza diversa de institutos congêneres como os juros moratórios, a correção monetária e a cláusula penal
- Posfácio
- Bibliografia
- Anexo I. Normativos do Banco Central
- Anexo II. Superior Tribunal de Justiça
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