- Início
- Livros E Revistas
- Aspectos Jurídicos Controversos Dos Juros E Da Comissão de Permanência
- A Comissão de Permanência Propriamente Dita
Comissão de permanência - Conceito
Autor | Glauber Moreno Talavera |
Ocupação do Autor | Executivo corporativo em São Paulo; Doutor e Mestre em Direito Civil pela PUC-SP |
Páginas | 173-175 |
Page 173
Nos contratos de mútuo bancário celebrados entre instituições integrantes do Sistema Financeiro Nacional e tomadores de recursos para formalização de operações de concessão de créditos, uma cláusula específica prevê a incidência de encargo financeiro determinado ou determinável em caso de inadimplemento do mutuário. Trata-se da “comissão de permanência”, cuja cobrança encontra fundamento em normativas esparsas editadas pelo Bacen
– Banco Central do Brasil. O Bacen expediu a consolidação dessas normativas, lançando o MNI – Manual de Normas e Instruções do Banco Central. No MNI n. 02-01-03, § 14, abaixo transcrito, encontramos a estipulação referente à Comissão de Permanência: “14. Os bancos múltiplos, os bancos comerciais, os bancos de desenvolvimento, os bancos de investimento, as caixas econômicas, as cooperativas de crédito, as sociedades de crédito, financiamento e investimento e as sociedades de arrendamento mercantil podem cobrar de seus devedores por dia de atraso no pagamento ou na liquidação de seus débitos, além de juros de mora na forma da legislação em vigor, comissão de permanência calculada às mesmas taxas pactuadas no contrato original ou a taxa de mercado do dia do pagamento, não sendo permitida a cobrança de quaisquer outras quantias compensatórias pelo atraso no pagamento dos débitos vencidos (Res. 1.129 I, II; Res. 2.099)”.
Das previsões normativas consolidadas, acima transcritas, é possível extrairmos algumas primeiras premissas relacionadas à comissão de permanência:
Page 174
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Trata-se, com efeito, de encargo financeiro de natureza compensatória, o que se depreende do trecho final do MNI transcrito, que expressamente veda “(...) a cobrança de quaisquer outras quantias compensatórias”. Ora, se é defesa a cobrança de outras quantias compensatórias, é absolutamente seguro inferirmos que a comissão de permanência tem natureza compensatória.
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O emprego do verbo “poder” no trecho “podem cobrar” indica que sua cobrança representa faculdade conferida às instituições mutuantes, de modo que não constitui uma consequência automática do mero inadimplemento contratual pelo mutuário, mas, sim, uma prerrogativa outorgada às instituições financeiras mutuantes, desde que, por óbvio, tenha sido objeto de estipulação expressa na avença firmada.
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A faculdade de exigi-la não foi estendida a todas as instituições integrantes do Sistema Financeiro Nacional, tendo, em ver-dade, sido outorgada estritamente às instituições...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Aspectos jurídicos controversos dos juros e da comissão de permanência
- A Comissão de Permanência Propriamente Dita
- Comissão de permanência - Conceito
- A legitimidade da fonte da qual emana a autorização para a cobrança da comissão de permanência
- As razões de ordem prática que ensejam a cobrança da comissão de permanência: descasamento entre ativos e passivos e risco de refinanciamento em condições adversas
- A comissão de permanência sob a ótica das perdas e danos
- O enquadramento da comissão de permanência na categoria dos juros compensatórios
- A inexistência de potestatividade nas disposições contratuais estipuladoras da comissão de permanência
- O descabimento da cobrança da comissão de permanência à taxa SELIC
- A cobrança da comissão de permanência: natureza diversa de institutos congêneres como os juros moratórios, a correção monetária e a cláusula penal
- Posfácio
- Bibliografia
- Anexo I. Normativos do Banco Central
- Anexo II. Superior Tribunal de Justiça
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