Castração do sujeito
Autor | Silvane Maria Marchesini |
Ocupação do Autor | Jurista. Psicóloga. Psicanalista. Pós-Graduada, Mestra em Psicologia Clínica |
Páginas | 187-188 |
Page 187
As proposições lacanianas a respeito da castração estão vinculadas às relativas à frustração, à privação, à falta e à doação, às relações de objeto. Elas correspondem a um determinado desfecho da história da relexão psicanalítica a esse respeito; para uma melhor deinição de sua importância, é útil reconstituir os seus principais momentos.
Page 188
Freud estabelece em 1905 os fundamentos de uma concepção das relações de objeto na medida em que elas estariam ligadas às fases do desenvolvimento libidinal (Freud S., 1905d); proporá em seguida considerar a perda de excrementos como um momento precursor do complexo de castração (Freud
S., 1916-7e). A concepção freudiana ?, pois, ‘absoluta-mente realista’. [...] Jacques Lacan revolucionou essa tradição. Para ele, fundamentalmente, a castração é pertinente à subjetividade do sujeito. É dívida simbólica, ligada à interdição do incesto e do assassinato. No real, o que o sujeito constata é a privação do pênis na mulher. A relação com o objeto é ao mesmo tempo uma relação com a falta do objeto. O objeto existe tanto por sua presença quanto por sua ausência.
Lacan justiica o imperativo dessa revolução do que passará a ser ‘o heteróclito da castração’. Propõe o seu grafo completo, onde se leem, em cada extremidade, o inconsciente e o Outro, de uma parte, o sujeito barrado, da outra parte, em seguida, su-cessivamente, o significante e a voz, depois o gozo e a castração relacionada ‘a pulsão como tesouro dos significantes’. ‘ A castração quer dizer que é pre- ciso que o gozo seja recusado, para que possa ser alcançado na escala invertida da Lei do desejo ’ (Lacan J., 1957).
Para os dois sexos, ‘o falo ? o significante destinado a designar, em seu conjunto, os efeitos do significante’ e ‘o significante do desejo do Outro’ (La-can J., 1958). Como tal, a castração não se articula com a realidade do pênis. Com efeito, essa articula-ção ? problemática e exige várias operações: ‘Assim ? que o órgão erétil vem a simbolizar o lugar do gozo, não como ele mesmo nem tão pouco como imagem, mas como parte faltante na imagem desejada’, ou seja, a função...
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