Características e efeitos da sentença trabalhista
Autor | Marcos Scalércio - Sérgio Henrique Salvador - Theodoro Vicente Agostinho |
Páginas | 50-51 |
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Sentença é o meio pelo qual o juiz decide a lide, julgando ou não o mérito dos pedidos formulados.
Dentro do processo do trabalho, usualmente utiliza-se o termo decisão ao invés do termo sentença.
Nos tribunais, as decisões proferidas pelos colegiados têm o nome de acórdão.
O doutrinador Sérgio Pinto Martins conceitua a sentença como:
“A sentença deve ser clara, precisa e concisa. O juiz deve se abster de produzir peças literárias na sentença, apenas deverá proferir a sentença de maneira que todos os pedidos das partes sejam solucionados, de maneira clara, não dando margens a outras interpretações ou dúvidas, contradições ou obscuridades. Ainda que a sentença seja concisa deverá apreciar tudo aquilo que foi postulado pelas partes. O inciso IX do art. 93 da Constituição determinou que todos os julgamentos dos órgãos do Poder Judiciário serão públicos, sendo que todas as decisões serão fundamentadas, sob pena de nulidade. A palavra decisões compreende sentenças, acórdãos, decisões interlocutórias e despachos, pois é o gênero. O art. 131 do CPC completa o preceito constitucional, prestigiando o princípio da livre convicção do juiz ou da persuasão racional da prova, em que o magistrado apreciará livremente a prova, atendendo aos fatos e circunstâncias constantes dos autos, ainda que não alegados pelas partes. Deverá, porém, o juiz indicar na sentença os motivos que lhe formaram o convencimento.” (MARTINS, 2011. p. 363)
As sentenças são classificadas em sentenças terminativas e definitivas.
Sentença terminativa é aquela em que há extinção do processo, sem resolução do mérito. Esta espécie de decisão, como já mencionado, extingue o processo, porém não faz coisa julgada, pois o mérito não foi apreciado pelo juiz.
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Já a sentença definitiva é a sentença que encerra o processo resolvendo o mérito da lide.
Quanto aos seus efeitos, a sentença pode ser declaratória, constitutiva, condenatória e mandamental.
Martins bem define tais efeitos:
“
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Declaratórias: são as sentenças que vão declarar a existência ou a inexistência da relação jurídica; ou a autenticidade ou falsidade de documento. Mesmo haven-do violação de direito é admissível a ação declaratória. Exemplos: a sentença que reconhece a existência do vínculo empregatício, a estabilidade, o tempo de serviço, o horário de trabalho, além da que resolve o dissídio coletivo de natureza jurídica, que declara a abusividade da greve.
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Constitutivas: são as sentenças que criam, modificam...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Livros e Revistas
- A sentença trabalhista e suas repercussões no direito previdenciário
- Agradecimentos
- Apresentação
- Prefácio
- Cita
- Introdução
- O direito previdenciário: conceito, objeto e classificação
- Processo previdenciário: administrativo e judicial
- O CPC/15 e seus reflexos previdenciários: uma breve abordagem
- A constitucional competência da justiça do trabalho
- Os meios probatórios do processo trabalhista
- Características e efeitos da sentença trabalhista
- Teoria da eficácia natural da sentença
- O início de prova material e a exigência do INSS
- O entendimento administrativo do INSS
- As novidades da instrução normativa n. 77/2015
- Posição da jurisprudência e a súmula n. 31 da TNU
- Questões reflexivas e atuais
- Conclusão
- Referências bibliográficas
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