Bancos de desenvolvimento multilateral e capacidade estatal: o IDB, Brasil e Argentina na era neoliberal

AutorRogério Makino
CargoMestre em Relações Internacionais e Doutor em Ciências Sociais. Professor junto à Universidade do Estado do Mato Grosso
Páginas79-98
Rogério Makino
Cadernos Prolam/USP, v.16, n.31, p.79-98, jul./dez.2017
DOI: 10.11606/issn.1676-6288.prolam.2017.139587
79
MULTILATERAL DEVELOPMENT BANKS AND STATE CAPACITY:
THE IDB, BRAZIL AND ARGENTINA IN THE NEOLIBERAL ERA
(1990-2002)
BANCOS DE DESENVOLVIMENTO MULTILATERAL E
CAPACIDADE ESTATAL: O IDB, BRASIL E ARGENTINA NA ERA
NEOLIBERAL
Rogério Makino1
Abstract: The article analyzes the relation between the Inter-American Development Bank’s
Modernization of the State programs and the state capacity of Brazil and Argentina during the
Neoliberal Era in Latin America (1990-2002). The development studies indicate that state
capacity is a precondition for any successful development strategy. Thus, a greater state
capacity could be expected from those countries who participated in these programs, but the
data obtained does not permit this conclusion.
Keywords: multilateral development; banks; state capacity.
Resumo: O artigo analisa a relação entre os Programas de Modernização do Estado do Banco
Interamericano de Desenvolvimento e a capacidade estatal do Brasil e da Argentina durante a
Era Neoliberal na América Latina (1990-2002). Os estudos sobre desenvolvimento indicam
que a capacidade do Estado é uma condição prévia para qualquer estratégia de
desenvolvimento bem-sucedida. Assim, uma maior capacidade Estatal poderia ser esperada
dos países que participaram desses programas, mas os dados obtidos não permitem essa
conclusão.
Palavras-chave: desenvolvimento multilateral; bancos; capacidade estatal.
1. INTRODUCTION
In the studies about State and development for the last three decades, especially in the
Institutionalist Perspective, state capacity has been increasingly considered as a necessary but
insufficient condition for development. Development banks target development as a goal,
but this concept does not have only one meaning and it is not static or accepted by everyone.
Thus, both state capacity and development banks are in the same realm the development
process. This article focuses on the relation between multilateral development banks and the
enhancement of state capacity. It is assumed that the effectiveness of development strategies
cannot be separated from the state capacity of countries (LANGE & RUESCHMEYER,
2005).
1 Mestre em Relações Internacio nais e Doutor em Ciências Sociais. Professor junto à Universidade do Estado do
Mato Grosso. E-mail: makinotga@gmail.com.
Rogério Makino
Cadernos Prolam/USP, v.16, n.31, p.79-98, jul./dez.2017
DOI: 10.11606/issn.1676-6288.prolam.2017.139587
80
In empirical terms, the selected cases were the relations between the IDB the Inter-
American Development Bank - and Brazil and between the IDB and Argentina. This bank is
the oldest and the largest multilateral development bank of the world and these two countries
are its two most important borrowers. The analyzed period is from 1990 to 2002, when the
neoliberal ideas started to attract many adepts in Latin America and when the IDB found a
favorable environment to propose the restructuring of the State through a new category of
programs: Reform/Modernization of the State. Theoretically, this is the category with the
greatest potential to enhance state capacity.
The research design was comparative, focusing on the IDB-Brazil and the IDB-
Argentina relations and their impact on the state capacity of those countries. The
operationalization of the concept of state capacity was inspired in the parameters described by
Hendrix (2010): the tax collection capacity and the quality of the bureaucratic administrative
staff. The information sources were Brazil’s and Argentina’s Loan Proposals and Project
Completion Reports of the IDB’s Modernization of State programs, available on the IDB’s
website.
The article is organized in three sections and the conclusions. The first addresses the
theoretical context of the concept of state capacity. The second presents the IDB’s
summarized history and description. The third analyzes the impact of the Modernization of
State programs on Brazil’s and Argentina’s state capacity.
2. INSTITUTIONALISMS AND STATE CAPACITY
The guiding concept of this research state capacity started to have its heuristic
potential explored as the discussion about institutions came back in late eighties and in the
early nineties. According to Acuña (2013), the concept of institution followed a winding path
in Social Sciences so that the association between institutions, enforced State and
development only became consolidated as Institutionalism started to be discussed again,
especially New Institutionalism. For one of those new institutionalists:
“Institutions are the foundation of social life. They consist of formal and
informal rules, monitoring and enforcement mechanisms, and syste ms of
meaning that define the context within which individuals, c orporations, labor
unions, nation-states, and other organizations operate and interact with each
other. Institutions are settlements born from struggle and bargaining. They
reflect the resources and power of those who made them and, in turn, affect
the distribution of resources of power in society. Once created, institutions
are po werful external forces that help determine how people make sense of

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