Advogado-juiz no TSE compromete a Justiça Eleitoral?
Autor | Silvana Batini |
Páginas | 289-291 |
Page 289
Na última quinta-feira, o STF deliberou sobre lista de nomes de advogados a serem apresentados à Presidência da República para compor o Tribunal Superior Eleitoral. Um tema de rotina, que normalmente é decidido sem maiores complicações. Mas acabou em discussão ácida e com amplas implicações institucionais: é legal que ministros indicados ao TSE possam continuar exercendo a advocacia?
O presidente do TSE, ministro Dias Toffoli, trouxe a pauta alegando urgência, tendo em vista o im dos mandatos de alguns ministros do TSE. Um dos nomes levados à aprovação do STF era o do ex-procurador-geral da República Aristides Junqueira, que hoje, aposentado, advoga para alguns políticos, entre eles o deputado Tião Viana (PT-AC). A indicação dividiu ministros. De um lado, o ministro Marco Aurélio, acompanhado pela ministra Carmen Lúcia, observou que o indicado atua em processo da Operação Lava Jato. De outra parte, o ministro Gilmar Mendes airmou que a "dúvida levantada [por Marco Aurélio] seria muito séria", e que a atuação como advogado não macularia o exercício do cargo no TSE. Para Mendes, não caberia ali decidir sobre o modelo institucional de indicação ao tribunal - se devemos ou não permitir a indicação de advogados -, mas simplesmente o momento de votar a lista.
O tema é delicado, e o desconforto que ele gera inclusive entre ministros do STF não chega a ser novidade. Por determinação constitucional, a composição dos tribunais eleitorais - seja dos TREs, seja do TSE - é mista, dela constando quatro advogados de notório saber
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jurídico, sendo dois titulares e dois suplentes (Constituição, art. 119 e 120). Estes "juízes advogados" ascendem ao cargo por nomeação da Presidência da República e permanecem no cargo para um mandato de dois anos, prorrogáveis por mais dois (Constituição, art. 121, § 2º).
A fórmula vem sendo mantida desde a criação da Justiça Eleitoral, na Constituição de 1934, sob o argumento de que os tribunais que decidem questões eleitorais tratam mais diretamente da soberania popular e, portanto, a presença de membros de fora dos quadros da magistratura permanente aumentaria sua legitimidade. Mesmo que se aceite tal argumento, porém, há uma peculiaridade neste quadro institucional: o advogado nomeado para compor um tribunal eleitoral não perde sua condição proissional, nem ica impedido de continuar advogando na pendência da jurisdição eleitoral - desde que não o faça, por óbvio, perante o órgão em que funcione. A...
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- A blindagem eleitoral por trás das doações ocultas
- Advogado-juiz no TSE compromete a Justiça Eleitoral?
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