7. O dano moral e a constituição federal de 1988
Autor | Enoque Ribeiro dos Santos |
Ocupação do Autor | Professor Associado da Faculdade de Direito da Universidade de São Paulo. |
Páginas | 100-101 |
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A tese da admissibilidade do Dano Moral no nosso ordenamento jurídico apresenta duas fases distintas: antes e após a promulgação da Constituição Federal de 1988.
Até o advento da Constituição Federal de 1988 havia uma espécie de confusão na doutrina e Judiciário, vez que alguns doutrinadores pátrios, seguindo linhas de orientação do Direito Comparado, já preconizavam a tese da admissibilidade do Dano Moral, enquanto outros não o admitiam. O Judiciário era palco de situação similar, com alguns Tribunais reconhecendo o Dano Moral e outros não.
O próprio Supremo Tribunal Federal tinha uma posição restritiva no tocante aos danos morais, inobstante alguns precedentes favoráveis, notadamente os protagonizados pelo eminente Ministro Pedro Lessa.
A Constituição Federal de 1988, que recebeu a denominação de "Constituição Cidadã", veio acabar com a polêmica verificada na doutrina e na jurisprudência, consagrando de modo definitivo e peremptório o direito à reparação decorrente de atos ilícitos, àqueles que sempre se constituiram ao longo dos tempos, nos mais nobres dos direitos individuais do homem, i.e., sua honra e dignidade.
A reparação do Dano Moral, como mecanismo de defesa dos direitos de personalidade, e por que não dizer dos direitos humanos em relação à sua dignidade, passou a ter força e assento constitucional, com fulcro no art. 5º, incisos V e X.
De acordo com Sérgio Severo,251 "o inciso V do mesmo dispositivo constitui uma decorrência do princípio da liberdade de expressão, inserto no inciso IV, que dispõe:
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"IV - é livre a manifestação do pensamento, sendo vedado o anonimato;
V - é assegurado o direito de resposta, proporcional ao agravo, além da indenização por dano material, moral ou à imagem.’’
Sérgio Severo ainda afirma que "a responsabilidade é uma decorrência da liberdade. Se o ser humano é livre para manifestar o seu pensamento, deve ser responsável pelas consequências advindas do exercício dessa liberdade. Portanto, são estabelecidos dois tipos de reparação dos danos advindos do exercício da liberdade de expressão: o direito de resposta, que corresponde a um desagravo, uma espécie de reparação in natura, que, no caso, não é condicionado ao elemento culpa e se opera como um dever de conduta de quem tem o poder de divulgar; e o equivalente pecuniário, que engloba as parcelas referentes aos danos material e moral, uma vez que o dano à imagem não constitui um tertium genus, mas uma categoria de dano...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- O Dano Moral na Dispensa do Empregado
- O dano moral
- 1. Os princípios básicos que regem o dano moral
- 2. Posições doutrinárias acerca da reparabilidade dos danos morais
- 3. O ressarcimento do dano moral
- 4. O dano moral e as decisões dos tribunais
- 5. As indenizações por dano moral
- 6. O arbítrio do juiz na reparação do dano moral
- 7. O dano moral e a constituição federal de 1988
- 8. A reparação do dano moral com base na nova teoria da responsabilidade solidária
- 9. A aproximação entre a responsabilidade civil subjetiva e a objetiva
- 10. O significado atual da responsabilidade objetiva
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