História da perícia médica e atuação profissional
Autor | Rubens Cenci Motta |
Ocupação do Autor | Médico - Especialista pela Associação Médica Brasileira e pelo Conselho Federal de Medicina em Medicina Legal e Perícia Médica, Clínica Médica, Hemoterapia e Medicina do Tráfego |
Páginas | 25-28 |
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A importância da avaliação técnica por Perícia Médica remonta à antiguidade, por exemplo, a Legislação de Moisés, o Código de Hamurabi, as práticas egípcias e os Livros Santos. Neles, aparecem os primeiros traços da Medicina Judiciária, aplicados à virgindade, à violação, ao homicídio, às lesões corporais e aos problemas de ordem moral.
Já no Período Romano, os cadáveres eram examinados por médicos, porém, externamente. As necropsias, por respeito ao cadáver, eram proscritas. O Período Médio e a Idade Média foram marcados pelos capitulares de Carlos Magno, que estabelecia que os julgamentos deviam se apoiar no parecer dos médicos.
No Período Canônico (1200 a 1600 d.C.), houve a promulgação do Código Criminal Carolino (Carlos V), o primeiro documento organizado da Medicina Judiciária. Em 1521, por suspeita de envenenamento, ocorreu a necropsia do cadáver do Papa Leão X. Em 1575, surgiu o primeiro livro de Medicina Legal de Ambrósio Paré; a França aclama o autor como o pai da Medicina Legal.
Desde então, a Perícia Médica foi evoluindo em todos os países e, como ciência, iniciou-se, em 1602, em Palermo, na Itália, com a publicação de Fortunato Fidélis, até atingir a especialização que hoje apresenta em nosso meio com a denominação de Medicina Legal e Perícias Médicas6, apoiando juízes e administradores em geral, sempre que necessário.
Historicamente e não menos importante nos tempos atuais, a Perícia Médica tem como base dois aspectos fundamentais:
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A reconstituição dos fatos, que é uma garantia do cidadão e da sociedade contra excessos.
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Liberdade técnica - O médico, em qualquer posto de atuação, é tecnicamente livre. Como atividade profissional regida por lei, segundo o Professor Antônio Cândido de Lara Duca, médico do trabalho e perito judicial, temos que:
A medicina é uma profissão em cujo exercício os médicos possuem liberdade de consciência, não podendo ser compelidos pela lei a formular juízos de natureza técnico-científica contrários às suas convicções, aos princípios e regras do seu saber.
Além de liberdade, por certo, requer conhecimento técnico e penso que com formação abrangente, com o que se sugere que o Perito Médico deve ter formação aprofundada em Clínica Médica (também denominada Clínica Geral) e Medicina Legal, especialidade médica hoje denominada Medicina Legal e Perícias Médicas, além de manter-se com atualização contemporânea nos conhecimentos do chamado Direito Médico.
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Em nosso país, a Perícia é inicialmente tratada no "Regulamento 737" (Base do Direito português - arbitramento) em 1850.
As primeiras considerações sobre perícia médica constavam no Código Civil de 1939, modificado, em 1942, pelo...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Livros e Revistas
- Manual de iniciação em perícias médicas
- Introdução
- Concepções de perícia médica e campo de atuação
- Habilidade do perito médico e áreas de atuação
- História da perícia médica e atuação profissional
- Deveres dos médicos
- Formação técnica exigida para atuação do perito médico
- Formação jurídico-administrativa-ética do perito médico
- Relação entre Medicina e Direito
- Relação entre Medicina e Direito Trabalhista - Desvendando a causa e a concausalidade - Enfoque trabalhista
- Considerações diversas para o estabelecimento do nexo dano e quantum indenizatório
- Atos do perito médico
- Avaliar o dano
- Capacidade laboral - Controle do absenteísmo de curto e médio prazo
- Referências Técnicas para Aplicação do Baremo Brasileiro - Baseado com ênfase nas indicações da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia; Serviço Municipal de Perícias Médicas da Prefeitura de Piracicaba; Manual de Perícias Médicas no Serviço Federal e outras
- Perícia médica judicial
- Prática pericial médica judicial - um roteiro prático
- Perícias médicas 'em todas as áreas
- Responsabilidade médica civil ou criminal
- Conclusão
- Referências Bibliográficas
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