Prefácio
Autor | João Leal Amado |
Ocupação do Autor | Professor Associado da Faculdade de Direito da Universidade de Coimbra |
Páginas | 15-17 |
Page 15
Nas certeiras e clássicas palavras do jurista italiano Luigi Mengoni, o modelo antropológico do Direito do Trabalho "pressupõe o homem que trabalha, e não simplesmente um proprietário de força de trabalho que a oferece no mercado" (La tutela giuridica della vita materiale nelle varie età dell’uomo. Rivista Trimestrale di Diritto e Procedura Civile, 1982, p. 1.121). E, com efeito, o trabalhador não é, apenas, um ser laborioso e produtivo, alguém que se dedica a cumprir escrupulosamente as múltiplas obrigações emergentes do contrato de trabalho, vendendo as suas energias laborais com o fito de obter um determinado rendimento patrimonial; antes e mais do que trabalhador, ele é uma pessoa e um cidadão, ainda que, ao celebrar e executar o contrato de trabalho, ele fique colocado sob a autoridade e direcção de outrem, a entidade empregadora, inserindo-se no respectivo âmbito de organização.
O cerne do Direito do Trabalho consiste, precisamente, nessa relação de troca trabalho-salário, fundada num (ou disfarçada de?) contrato, relação marcadamente patrimonial à qual assiste, no entanto, uma dimensão irrecusavelmente pessoal - pois a força de trabalho não é dissociável do trabalhador, e este, tanto ou mais do que sujeito do contrato, é objecto do mesmo. Com efeito, o trabalhador compromete intensamente a sua pessoa na relação laboral, ele como que se incorpora nesta ao efectuar a prestação devida, ao invés do que sucede com o empregador, que apenas participa limitadamente. Por isso mesmo não espanta que, certa vez, o famoso empresário Henry Ford se tenha queixado de que, ao pretender contratar um par de mãos, recebera também um ser humano...
Eis, então, os ingredientes que compõem este verdadeiro triângulo mágico:
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A força de trabalho é um atributo inseparável da pessoa do trabalhador, o que supõe um profundo envolvimento da pessoa deste na execução, em moldes heterodeterminados, do contrato de trabalho. Por isso mesmo se diz que, ao alienar a disponibilidade da sua força de trabalho, o trabalhador se aliena, de algum modo, a si próprio;
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A relação de trabalho é uma relação estruturalmente assimétrica, isto é, manifestamente inigualitária, pois o trabalhador, a mais de, em regra, carecer dos rendimentos do trabalho para satisfazer as suas necessidades essenciais
Page 16
(dependência económica), fica sujeito à autoridade e direcção do empregador em tudo o que diz respeito à execução do trabalho (subordinação jurídica). Para o...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Livros e Revistas
- Tutela da composição dos danos morais nas relações de trabalho
- Apresentação
- Prefácio
- Introdução
- Responsabilidade Civil: Noções Gerais
- As Diversas Espécies de Responsabilidade
- Responsabilidade Trabalhista
- Direitos da Personalidade
- Dano Moral: Aspectos Gerais
- Dano Moral Trabalhista
- Danos Morais por Ofensas a Atributos Valorativos da Personalidade
- Danos Morais por Ofensas a Atributos Físicos da Personalidade
- Danos Morais por Ofensas a Atributos Psíquicos ou Intelectuais
- Danos Morais aos Valores Culturais de Certa Comunidade (Danos Morais Coletivos)
- Avaliação e Composição do Dano Moral - Dosimetria
- Prescrição
- Bibliografia
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