Apresentação
Autor | Alexandre Agra Belmonte |
Páginas | 11-13 |
Page 11
Por ocasião do lançamento da primeira edição, em 2001, de nossa obra intitulada Dos Danos Morais no Direito do Trabalho, pela editora Renovar, pouca coisa havia sido escrita sobre os danos morais decorrentes das relações de trabalho. Sequer existia o atual Código Civil, de 2002, que, prevendo o dano moral e atribuindo poder discricionário ao juiz para a sua composição, terminou estimulando vários estudos sobre o assunto.
Na época, partindo do estudo da responsabilidade civil e da natureza dos danos causados aos direitos da personalidade, defendemos a existência de um dano moral trabalhista típico, que deveria ser enfrentado na própria Justiça do Trabalho, de acordo com os princípios e normas materiais e processuais trabalhistas.
Observava então que a ofensa dirigida por um componente de uma roda de jogo a outro caracterizava dano moral comum, enquanto a ofensa moral direcionada a uma empregada, acompanhante de um senhor idoso, em meio a um jogo de cartas destinado a distraí-lo durante o expediente de trabalho, importava em dano moral tipicamente trabalhista, a ser composto no contexto das regras e princípios regentes do Direito do Trabalho. Dizíamos que a competência constante do art. 114 da Constituição da República, para apreciar os conflitos individuais e coletivos decorrentes da relação de trabalho, abrangia também a atribuição do poder de julgar o dano moral decorrente.
Também defendi, naquela oportunidade, a composição, pela Justiça do trabalho, da indenização devida pelo empregador ao empregado, como decorrência dos acidentes do trabalho.
Finalmente, defendemos a existência e composição, na seara trabalhista, dos danos morais impostos a uma comunidade de trabalhadores (danos morais coletivos).
No início, a matéria nada tinha de pacífica. Pelo menos três correntes podiam ser identificadas: a que defendia a existência e composição, pela Justiça do trabalho, de um dano moral típico; a que negava ambos os aspectos; e, a que as entendia admissível, mas somente após a edição de lei ordinária.
Já por ocasião da segunda edição daquela obra, boa parte da doutrina e a jurisprudência, inclusive do STF, exceto no tocante aos acidentes de trabalho - em que se iniciava nova controvérsia- admitiam a competência da Justiça do Trabalho para a composição de danos morais decorrentes da relação de emprego.
Page 12
Com a Emenda Constitucional n. 45, de 2004, a pequena resistência que ainda havia à apreciação, pela Especializada, da existência...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Livros e Revistas
- Tutela da composição dos danos morais nas relações de trabalho
- Apresentação
- Prefácio
- Introdução
- Responsabilidade Civil: Noções Gerais
- As Diversas Espécies de Responsabilidade
- Responsabilidade Trabalhista
- Direitos da Personalidade
- Dano Moral: Aspectos Gerais
- Dano Moral Trabalhista
- Danos Morais por Ofensas a Atributos Valorativos da Personalidade
- Danos Morais por Ofensas a Atributos Físicos da Personalidade
- Danos Morais por Ofensas a Atributos Psíquicos ou Intelectuais
- Danos Morais aos Valores Culturais de Certa Comunidade (Danos Morais Coletivos)
- Avaliação e Composição do Dano Moral - Dosimetria
- Prescrição
- Bibliografia
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