- Início
- Livros E Revistas
- O Dano Moral Na Dispensa do Empregado
- A Avaliação Da Extensão do Dano Moral Trabalhista E Formas de Reparação
5. Cumulatividade dos pedidos de indenização por dano material e dano moral na órbita do direito do trabalho
Autor | Enoque Ribeiro dos Santos |
Ocupação do Autor | Professor Associado da Faculdade de Direito da Universidade de São Paulo. |
Páginas | 239-241 |
Page 239
Há grande discussão em doutrina e jurisprudência, sobre a tese de ser indenizável como Dano Moral aquele que tivesse reflexos patrimoniais.
Alguns defendem a ideia de que o prejuízo referente ao Dano Moral não deve ocorrer sem repercussão nos bens materiais, ou seja, excluem a compatibilidade da acumulação entre os pedidos de reparação patrimonial e o de indenização por danos extrapatrimoniais, reduzindo a pretensão à compensação por danos materiais.
Outros, com razão, já imunes aos injustificados preconceitos contra a reparação por danos morais, sustentam - apoiados na Constituição Federal de 1988 - ser compatível e razoável a cumulação dos pedidos, quando o fato gerar pretensões materiais e morais, mesmo que relacionadas a danos de natureza distinta.
A propósito do tema, a melhor doutrina não vacila quanto ao correto enfoque da matéria. O professor Caio Mário,546 em Responsabilidade civil, afirma que:
"Não cabe, por outro lado, considerar que são incompatíveis os pedidos de reparação patrimonial e indenização por dano moral. O fato gerador pode ser o mesmo, porém o efeito pode ser múltiplo.’’
De acordo com Wladimir Valler547, "havendo dano material e dano moral que podem existir autonomamente, ambos ensejando indenização, esta será devida como ressarcimento de cada um deles, ainda que oriundos do mesmo fato, não se justificando o entendimento limitativo no sentido de admissibilidade da cumulação das indenizações. Na realidade, se do ato ilícito resultou lesão material, esta deverá ser indenizada. Da mesma forma, se o dano foi apenas de natureza moral, o ressarcimento também se impõe. Presentes o dano material e o dano moral, não há fundamento algum para que a indenização deva cingir-se apenas a um deles, deixando sem indenização o outro’’.
Carlos Alberto Bittar548 partilha do mesmo entendimento, quando afirma que "a reparação pode, por fim, compreender a satisfação de danos morais e materiais, uma vez verificados reflexos nas esferas da moralidade e da patrimonialidade do
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lesado. Tem-se, assim, a cumulação de pedidos, por danos morais e por danos materiais, perfeitamente admissível em uma só ação, dada a compatibilidade entre eles existente".
A jurisprudência, por sua vez, é caudalosa quanto à independência e cumulatividade das pretensões.
No REsp. n. 4.236, o Ministro Eduardo Ribeiro deixou consignado que: "Se há um dano material e outro moral, que podem existir autonomamente, se ambos dão margem à indenização, não...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- O Dano Moral na Dispensa do Empregado
- A avaliação da extensão do dano moral trabalhista e formas de reparação
- 1. A aferição do dano moral no direito do trabalho
- 2. Dano moral e crime - correlação do tema no direito penal e no direito do trabalho
- 3. O dano moral causado pelo empregado
- 4. As formas de reparação do dano moral trabalhista
- 5. Cumulatividade dos pedidos de indenização por dano material e dano moral na órbita do direito do trabalho
- 6. A dupla função da indenização
- 7. A tese da aplicação do 'punitive damage' na reparação do dano moral trabalhista
- 8. A determinação do 'quantum satis' da indenização trabalhista
- 9. A mitigação do risco pela condenação do dano moral. Análise econômica do direito
- 10. Direito comparado
- Conclusão
- Apêndice
- Referências bibliográficas
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