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- Livros E Revistas
- O Dano Moral Na Dispensa do Empregado
- A Avaliação Da Extensão do Dano Moral Trabalhista E Formas de Reparação
3. O dano moral causado pelo empregado
Autor | Enoque Ribeiro dos Santos |
Ocupação do Autor | Professor Associado da Faculdade de Direito da Universidade de São Paulo. |
Páginas | 234-236 |
Page 234
A partir do momento em que a tutela dos interesses morais está atualmente consagrada no ordenamento jurídico nacional, até mesmo com embasamento constitucional, cabe ao lesante, seja ele o empregador ou o empregador, reparar os danos morais efetivamente causados na órbita do Direito do Trabalho.
Assim sendo, não importa ao Direito a figura do lesionante. Uma vez configurado o dano moral, dentro de seus pressupostos legais e ocorrendo a busca da tutela jurisdicional por meio do direito de ação, o Estado, pelo Poder Judiciário, in casu, a Justiça do Trabalho, arbitrará, por sentença, a pena pecuniária ou in natura que caberá ao lesante, em favor do lesado, em decorrência do ato ilícito perpetrado no curso da relação laboral.
Desse modo, assim como o empregador, o empregado também pode praticar atos ilícitos que venham a ferir a esfera de moralidade do empregador, sua boa fama, reputação, tradição e nome no mercado etc., suscitando a devida reparação no âmbito do Direito do Trabalho.
Page 235
Nessa linha de pensamento, ao comentar o fato de que a Constituição confere direito à indenização por dano moral ou material, não exclui, consoante Celso Ribeiro Bastos, "outras formas de punição também compatíveis com a lesão a esses direitos, haja vista a existência dos crimes contra a honra. O que ela quis deixar certo é que além da responsabilidade administrativa, quando for o caso, cabe também uma responsabilização de natureza civil’’538.
De acordo com Miguel Reale,539 existe uma divisão tripartida do dano, a saber:
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o dano patrimonial correspondente ao "bem que apresenta os caracteres de exterioridade, valoração pecuniária e correspondência a uma necessidade econô-mica"; b) o dano moral que se refere propriamente a estados d’alma, a sofrimentos ou sensações dolorosas e correspondência a uma necessidade econômica; e c) o dano pessoal - "um tertium genus que corresponde à imagem social’’.
Desse modo, o trabalhador pode ser sujeito ativo do Dano Moral Trabalhista contra o empresário, tanto no dano material, como no dano moral, ou cumulativamente.
Na cessação do contrato de trabalho, podem ocorrer certas emanações da vida privada do empregado que, captadas pelo ordenamento jurídico, autorizam ao empregador o rompimento do elo contratual, sem ônus, consoante o art. 482 da CLT. Tais emanações são tipificadas como os motivos da justa causa, que configuram a pena máxima do Direito do Trabalho contra o empregado: embriaguez habitual, o...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- O Dano Moral na Dispensa do Empregado
- A avaliação da extensão do dano moral trabalhista e formas de reparação
- 1. A aferição do dano moral no direito do trabalho
- 2. Dano moral e crime - correlação do tema no direito penal e no direito do trabalho
- 3. O dano moral causado pelo empregado
- 4. As formas de reparação do dano moral trabalhista
- 5. Cumulatividade dos pedidos de indenização por dano material e dano moral na órbita do direito do trabalho
- 6. A dupla função da indenização
- 7. A tese da aplicação do 'punitive damage' na reparação do dano moral trabalhista
- 8. A determinação do 'quantum satis' da indenização trabalhista
- 9. A mitigação do risco pela condenação do dano moral. Análise econômica do direito
- 10. Direito comparado
- Conclusão
- Apêndice
- Referências bibliográficas
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