Introdução
Autor | Gustavo Viegas Marcondes |
Ocupação do Autor | Bacharel em Direito pela Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) |
Páginas | 5-7 |
Já não se pode dizer que o Processo Civil coletivo, especialmente no Brasil, seja matéria nova. A partir da Lei de Ação Civil Pública e do Código de Defesa do Consumidor – grandes marcos legislativos em vigor, em termos de tutela jurisdicional coletiva – o desenvolvimento prático e teórico alcançado por essa ramificação especial do Direito Processual Civil cresceu em progressão geométrica.
Mostra disso é a já farta jurisprudência consolidada, nos Tribunais locais (em âmbito estadual e federal) e também nos Tribunais Superiores, acerca de ações coletivas e seus diversos aspectos controvertidos, assim como a larga experiência conquistada por instituições públicas e privadas no emprego dos mecanismos de tutela jurisdicional coletiva. Nesse sentido, não seria exagero afirmar que o próprio Ministério Público e algumas das mais sérias associações de proteção e defesa do consumidor consolidaram-se com verdadeiras instituições republicanas pela via do Processo Coletivo.
Nada obstante, os campos ainda pouco explorados na doutrina e na jurisprudência são muitos, tanto assim é que as iniciativas legislativas recentemente empreendidas com o objetivo de se editar um Código Brasileiro de Processos Coletivos fracassaram, permanecendo esse ramo jurídico ainda regulado pelo que se convencionou designar “microssistema” infraconstitucional de Processo Coletivo. Persiste, todavia, a necessidade de uma regulação específica para esse especial ramo do Direito Processual Civil, tendo em conta o nível de desenvolvimento alcançado, sobretudo nos últimos anos.
O ponto de partida desse estudo encontra-se no reconhecimento da própria existência do grupo, enquanto categoria jurídica e enquanto sujeito de direitos. Se é possível reconhecer, sem maiores dificuldades, que a coletividade tem uma existência própria, sendo, inclusive, titular de interesses jurídicos próprios, dissociados dos interesses individuais de cada um de seus integrantes, parece-nos razoável entender que a coletividade pode, igualmente, ser titular de direitos e também de obrigações correlatas. Em outras palavras, parece-nos razoável compreender que o grupo age por si, de modo coeso, independentemente de direção, comando ou coordenação interna ou externa. E, nesse agir, é possível que o grupo cause lesão a direito de outrem.
Se ao grupo é facultado propor uma ação coletiva para tutelar seus próprios interesses, por que razão não seria possível que uma ação fosse ajuizada em face do grupo? Se o grupo...
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PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Livros e Revistas
- Ação coletiva passiva
- Apresentação
- Introdução
- Dos conflitos intersubjetivos ao surgimento da sociedade de massas
- Origens históricas do direito processual coletivo
- A ação coletiva passiva inglesa e Norte-Americana: Requisitos e estrutura
- Fundamentos metodológicos e epistemológicos para a ação coletiva (ativa e passiva)
- A representatividade adequada na ação coletiva passiva
- A ação coletiva passiva brasileira: Contornos e possibilidades
- O cabimento de lege lata da ação coletiva passiva no Brasil
- A ação coletiva passiva na jurisprudência brasileira
- Conclusão
- Referências
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