- Início
- Livros E Revistas
- Iniciação Ao Direito do Trabalho 2015
- Primeira Parte. Suportes Históricos E Dogmáticos do Direito do Trabalho
Natureza do Direito do Trabalho
Autor | Amauri Mascaro Nascimento/Sonia Mascaro Nascimento |
Páginas | 88-91 |
Page 88
Determinar a natureza de um ramo do direito é encontrar o gênero próximo a que ele pertence, daí tratar o nosso tema do problema de enquadramento do direito do trabalho nos ramos do direito. As teorias são as do direito do trabalho como público ou como privado. São as duas principais. Há outras que o explicam como direito misto, social ou unitário.
A — DIREITO PÚBLICO. O direito do trabalho é, para alguns juristas, ramo do direito público.
Os argumentos que são apontados para fundamentar essa tese são de três ordens.
Primeiro, a natureza administrativa de algumas das suas normas, como as de fiscalização trabalhista.
Segundo, a imperatividade das suas normas, dispondo a CLT (art. 9º) que é nulo o ato destinado a desvirtuar, impedir ou fraudar a aplicação dos seus preceitos.
Terceiro, o caráter estatutário das suas normas, isto é, a semelhança que teriam as relações de trabalho com as relações mantidas pelo Estado com os agentes públicos no âmbito do direito administrativo.
A crítica que se faz é que as normas de fiscalização e outras de direito administrativo têm caráter instrumental, servindo de meio e não de fim do direito do trabalho. A imperatividade das leis trabalhistas não difere da irrenunciabilidade de leis de outros ramos do direito privado, como algumas normas de direito civil. Finalmente, a relação de emprego não é estatutária, mas contratual. Nas relações estatutárias, como as dos agentes públicos, não há ajustes de condições de trabalho, uma vez que estas são impostas pela Administração, enquanto entre empregado e empregador há uma dimensão para a autonomia da vontade como fonte instauradora de direitos e deveres recíprocos.
B — DIREITO PRIVADO. Há fundadas razões que sustentam a teoria do direito do trabalho como ramo do direito privado.
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Seus argumentos referem-se às origens e aos sujeitos do vínculo entre trabalhador e empregador.
Esse vínculo encontra as suas origens no direito privado, uma vez que é o desenvolvimento da locação de serviços do direito civil.
Seus sujeitos, o empregado e o empregador, são dois particulares. Se existem, no direito do trabalho, algumas relações entre os particulares e o Estado, não chegam a ter uma dimensão ampla nem constituem a base do direito do trabalho.
É possível acrescentar outro argumento militando a favor dessa teoria. Se o direito do trabalho fosse considerado...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Iniciação ao direito do trabalho 2015
- Primeira Parte. Suportes Históricos e Dogmáticos do Direito do Trabalho
- História Geral do Direito do Trabalho
- História do Direito do Trabalho no Brasil
- Definição do Direito do Trabalho, Divisão e Organização do Curso
- Função do Direito do Trabalho
- Natureza do Direito do Trabalho
- Ordenamento Jurídico
- Aplicação das Normas Jurídicas
- Princípios do Direito do Trabalho
- Âmbito de Aplicação
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