Heranças materiais de uma guerra: os cemitérios do Contestado, Sul do Brasil
| Autor | Jaisson Teixeira Lino |
| Cargo | Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul |
| Páginas | 13-30 |
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7976.2012v19n28p13
HERANÇAS MATERIAIS DE UMA GUERRA: OS
CEMITÉRIOS DO CONTESTADO, SUL DO BRASIL
MATERIAL INHERITANCE OF A WAR: THE
CONTESTADO CEMETERIES, SOUTH BRAZIL
Jaisson Teixeira Lino*
Resumo: O artigo tem por objetivo expor alguns aspectos sobre a formação
de cemitérios na região do Contestado, localizada na região do planalto sul
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de pessoas.
Palavras-chave:"Iwgttc"fq"Eqpvguvcfq0" Egokvfitkqu"jkuv„tkequ0"Ctswgqnqikc"
da morte.
Abstract:"Vjg"rcrgt"ckou"vq"gzrqug"uqog"curgevu"qh"vjg"hqtocvkqp"qh"egogvgtkgu"
kp"vjg"Eqpvguvcfq"tgikqp."nqecvgf"kp"vjg"uqwvjgtp"rncvgcw"qh"Dtc¦kn."yjgtg"vjgtg"
ycu"c"nctig"eqpÞkev"mpqyp"cu"vjg"Eqpvguvcfq"Yct."dgvyggp"3;34"cpf"3;38."
ewnokpcvkpi"ykvj"vjg"fgcvj"qh"vjqwucpfu"rgqrng0"Rtqrqugf"jgtg."cp"qwvnkpg"qh"
vjg"dcuke"v{rgu"qh"Ýgnfu"uckpvu"qh"vjg"tgikqp."htqo"vjg"dkdnkqitcrj{."eqpvtkdwvkpi"
vq"rquukdng"ctejcgqnqikecn"cpf"jgtkvcig"tgugctej"qh"vjg"eqpÞkev0"
Keywords:"Eqpvguvcfq"Yct0"Jkuvqtkecn"egogvgtkgu0"Ctejcgqnqi{"qh"vjg"fgcvj0
,"Rtqhguuqt"fc"Wpkxgtukfcfg"Hgfgtcn"fc"Htqpvgktc"Uwn"*WHHU+."Ecorwu"fg"Ejcrge„"UE0"
E-mail: lino@uffs.edu.br
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Revista Esboços, Florianópolis, v. 19, n. 28, p. 13-30, dez. 2012.
O cemitério, como morada dos mortos, constitui-se como um importante
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uwlgkvqu"swg"eqpvtkdwtco"rctc"cu"vtcpuhqtoc›gu"fc"rckucigo"jwocpc"fg"woc"
determinada região. No cenário de uma guerra, se constituem no exemplo
máximo dos resultados nefastos ocorridos de lado a lado, encontrando-se
sua ocorrência, para o caso da Guerra do Contestado, em todos os lugares
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tgfwvqu"ucpvqu." octigpu" fc" hgttqxkc." ekfcfgu" g" xkncu0" Dgnnqoq"crtgugpvc"c"
fgÝpk›«q"fq"egokvfitkq"etkuv«q."swg"rctvkewnctogpvg"kpvgtguuc"c"guvg"ctvkiq
cristianismo, com sua mensagem de ressurreição, criou uma nova concepção
fg"eqoq"xgpegt"c"oqtvg"g"rtgugtxct"c"ogo„tkc" fqu"oqtvqu0"Cuuko"uwtiktco"
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Gpvtg"3;34"g"3;38."guvc"tgik«q"hqk"rcneq"fg"wo"itcpfg"eqpÞkvq"dfinkeq."
contrapondo, de um lado, os sertanejos2"nqecku"swg"ug"cinwvkpctco"go"tgfwvqu"
cr„u"ugtgo"xvkocu"fg"jkuv„tkecu"gurqnkc›gu" fg"vgttcu" g."fg" qwvtq."cu" hqt›cu"
armadas nacional e estaduais, mobilizando imenso contingente de tropas para
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cemitérios dispersos pela paisagem.3
Figura 1 -"Tgik«q"fq"Eqpvguvcfq"go"fguvcswg."pq"Guvcfq"fg"Ucpvc"Ecvctkpc04. Hqpvg
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Qu"egokvfitkqu" u«q" gurc›qu" swg" tgÞgvgo" fwrncogpvg" c"ogo„tkc" fqu"
mortos, por um lado, e as identidades dos vivos, por outro. Deste modo,
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ctswgqnqikc."jkuv„tkc."uqekqnqikc"g"cpvtqrqnqikc."crgpcu"rctc"ekvct"cniwocu"ƒtgcu"
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Revista Esboços, Florianópolis, v. 19, n. 28, p. 13-30, dez. 2012.
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este caso em particular, é interessante perceber a constituição dos cemitérios
e os rituais a ele associados em longa duração, abarcando também cemitérios
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pc"eqpuvtw›«q"qw"ocpwvgp›«q"fc"hgttqxkc"U«q"Rcwnq"/"Tkq"Itcpfg."eqpuvtwfc"
na região no inicio do século XX, conforme pode-se observar na imagem
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pq"owpkerkq"fg"Rkpjgktq"Rtgvq."Ucpvc"Ecvctkpc<
Figura 2 -"Etw¦"fg"hgttq"octecpfq"ugrwnvwtc"fg"egokvfitkq"u"octigpu"fc"hgttqxkc"U«q"
Rcwnq"/"Tkq"Itcpfg."go"Rkpjgktq"Rtgvq."Ucpvc"Ecvctkpc0"Hqpvg< acervo do autor.
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nkpjcu"fg"rguswkuc."ugtxkpfq"eqoq"hqpvg"fg"kphqtoc›«q"rtkxkngikcfc"pqu"guvwfqu"
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fcu"ocku" fkxgtucu" uqekgfcfgu0" Guug" rguswkucfqt" ukuvgocvk¦qw" qu"vkrqu" fg"
kphqtoc›gu"swg"rtqx‒o" fqu"guvwfqu"egokvgtkcku."qu"swcku"tguwogo/ug"cswk"
fc"ugiwkpvg"ocpgktcu"fg"kpfkxfwqu"
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Revista Esboços, Florianópolis, v. 19, n. 28, p. 13-30, dez. 2012.
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kpfkxfwqu"fgoqpuvtco" go" ugwu" v¿ownqu" Ýnkc›gu" c" rctvkfqu"qw" xgtvgpvgu"
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fg"fgvgtokpcfc"uqekgfcfg"qw" kpfkxfwq."g"cu"tgnc›gu"fg" status advindas da
quvgpvc›«q"*qw" p«q+"fqu"v¿ownqu=" :" /"Nqpigxkfcfg fcfqu"uqdtg"cu"
ofifkcu"fg"xkfc"fcu"eqowpkfcfgu"go"igtcn"g=";"/"Rgtegr›gu"uqdtg"q"oqtvqeqoq"
c"uqekgfcfg"gpectc."encuukÝec"g"gpvgpfg"c"oqtvg"fg"gpvgu"swgtkfqu."tgikuvtcfcu"
rtkpekrcnogpvg"rqt"ogkq"fq"wuq"fc"guetkvc"pqu"v¿ownqu07
CEMITÉRIOS DA REGIÃO DO CONTESTADO
Pc"tgik«q" fq" rncpcnvq" ecvctkpgpug." owkvqu" egokvfitkqu" fq"rgtqfq"
jkuv„tkeq"hqtco" ugpfq" kpuvcncfqu" c" rctvkt" fc" hwpfc›«q"fcu" rtkogktcu" xkncu."
ckpfc"pq"ufiewnq"ZXKKK0"V‒o/ug"rqwequ"tgikuvtqu"uqdtg"qu"oguoqu."jcxgpfq"c"
a tarefa de se buscar os remanescentes funerários dos primeiros processos de
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transformaram em cidades. Entretanto, o fato valida a busca dos cemitérios
rqt"ofivqfqu"ctswgqn„ikequ."rtkpekrcnogpvg"cfxkpfqu"fc"ctswgqnqikc"wtdcpc"
g"fc"ctswgqnqikc"fg"eqpvtcvq."swg."fgxkfq"c"qdtcu"fgpvtq"fqu"egpvtqu"wtdcpqu."
rqfgo"nqecnk¦ct"guvgu"uvkqu"go"wo"eqpvgzvq"fg"uwduwrgthekg0
Cfgocku."owkvqu"qwvtqu" egokvfitkqu" ckpfc" u«q" wvknk¦cfqu" pqu" fkcu"fg"
jqlg."eqo"ugrwnvwtcu"eqpvgorqt¤pgcu"eqpxkxgpfq"eqo"cpvkiqu"lc¦kiqu0"Qwvtqu"
ckpfc"rqfgo"ugt"xkuvqu"guswgekfqu"go"ogkq"c"nwictgu"cdcpfqpcfqu."igtcnogpvg"
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ectcevgtuvkecu"fg"rqxqcogpvq"fkurgtuq0
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kphqtoc›gu"uqdtg"egokvfitkqu"cpvgtkqtgu"cq"rgtqfq"fg"eqpÞcitc›«q"fc"iwgttc0"
Contudo, trata-se de pistas para evidenciar o potencial dos estudos em espaços
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rqt"Engvq" fc"Uknxc."swg." c"rctvkt"fq" ceqtfq" fg"nkokvgu."hqk" fkxkfkfc"go"fwcu"
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fc"Uknxc."ekvc/ug"c"oqtvg"fg"fqku"jqogpu"rqt"pfkqu"go"3::4"pc"nqecnkfcfg"fg"
Ejcrfiw"fq"Uqn"g"gpvgttcfqu"cnk."qpfg"hqtco"eqnqecfcu"itcpfgu"etw¦gu"pc"octigo"
de uma barranca.6"C"twc"qpfg"guvcxc"nqecnk¦cfq"go"3:;9"q"egokvfitkq"owpkekrcn"
também é mencionada, fornecendo pistas para a localização atual.9 Também
rqt"oqvkxqu"fg"cvcswgu"fqu"pfkqu"ÐdqvqewfquÑ."go"3;28"pc"eqowpkfcfg"fg"
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Revista Esboços, Florianópolis, v. 19, n. 28, p. 13-30, dez. 2012.
Xknc"Pqxc"fq"Vkod„."qeqttgtco"cniwocu"oqtvgu"*swcpvkc"p«q"gurgekÝecfc+"g"
os enterramentos foram realizados no mesmo local do ocorrido.:
Woc"ectcevgtuvkec"eqowo"pc"ewnvwtc"hwpgtƒtkc"fq"rncpcnvq"ogtkfkqpcn"
brasileiro era o enterro isolado na paisagem, geralmente situados em beira de
ecokpjqu."qpfg"qu"xkclcpvgu" cegpfkco"xgncu"g"hc¦kco"uwcu" rtgegu"cq" Ýpcfq"
swg."u"xg¦gu."gtc"wo"fgueqpjgekfq0"Ugiwpfq"Nw¦9, esses sepultamentos eram
kfgpvkÝecfqu"eqoq"fg"rguuqcu"cuucuukpcfcu0"Go"cniwpu"ecuqu."qeqttkc"uqogpvg"
o erguimento de uma cruz no local da morte, inexistindo, portanto, o corpo
cnk"kpwocfq0" Guvg" cwvqt" ckpfc" hqtpgeg"kphqtoc›gu"uqdtg"tkvwcku" hwpgtƒtkqu."
swg"ejcoc"fg"Ðuwrgtuvk›guÑ."eqoq"q"jƒdkvq"fg"eqnqect"woc"ejcxg"go"ekoc"
fq"oqtvq" rctc"korgfkt"q" kpejcogpvq." fgkzct"dctdc"g" ecdgnqu" etguegtgo"go"
tgurgkvq"cq"Ýpcfq"g"pqu"oqogpvqu"swg"cpvgegfgo"q"gpvgttq."tgcnk¦ct"ecpvqtkcu"
e ingerir bebidas e fumo.
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fq"egokvfitkq"fc"xknc"fg" Ecpqkpjcu"go" 3;330"Rqt"ogkq"fg"tgkxkpfkec›gu."qu"
religiosos do lugar receberam um terreno para acomodar a igreja e o cemitério,
denotando a prática ainda presente de estes dois espaços sagrados ocuparem
q"oguoq"nwict0"Uvwn¦gt"tguucnvc."ckpfc."swg"q"egokvfitkq"cpvkiq"eqpvkpwqw"go"
cvkxkfcfg."ugpfq"nkorq"fq"ocvq"swg"q"eqdtkc032
Guugu"u«q"crgpcu"cniwpu"gzgornqu"fg"egokvfitkqu"jkuv„tkequ"gurcnjcfqu"
rqt"vqfq"q"vgttkv„tkq."oquvtcpfq"swg"pc"jkuv„tkc"fg"xƒtkcu"qwvtcu"xkncu"g"ekfcfgu."
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ugt«q"gpeqpvtcfcu"owkvcu"kphqtoc›gu"uqdtg"c"qeqtt‒pekc"fg"pget„rqngu0
Rctc"q"eqpvgzvq"fc" iwgttc"gpvtg"qu"cpqu"fg" 3;34"g"3;38."pq"gpvcpvq."
rquuwgo/ug"owkvcu" ogp›gu" cqu" egokvfitkqu." swg" eqpvtkdwtco" rctc"c"
vtcpuhqtoc›«q"fc" rckucigo" ewnvwtcn" g" swg." eqo" tgnc›«q" c"eqpÞkvqu"dfinkequ."
vtcvc/ug"fq"rtkpekrcn"ngicfq"fg"ogo„tkc"ocvgtkcn"fgkzcfq"cr„u"q"Ýo"fq"eqpÞkvq."
ugtxkpfq"fg"ngodtcp›c"hukec"fqu"swg"oqttgtco"fg"rctvg"c"rctvg0"
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c"dcvcnjc" fq" Ktcpk0" Q" tguwnvcfq" fc" tghtgic"hqtco" fg¦gpcu" fg" oqtvqu." vcpvq"
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lwpvq"eqo"qu"eqorcpjgktqu"oqtvqu"rctc"hqtoct"q"gzfitekvq"gpecpvcfq"fg"U«q"
Ugdcuvk«q."ugwu"eqngicu"cdtktco"woc"eqxc"g"eqnqectco"q"eqtrq"fg"Lqufi"Octkc."
apenas cobrindo-o com algumas tábuas, para facilitar a ressurreição.11"Cq"
swg"vwfq"kpfkec." vgorqu"fgrqku"*p«q"hqk"rquuxgn"fgvgtokpct"swcpvq"vgorq+."
q"eqtrq"tgegdgw"woc"ugrwnvwtc"fgÝpkvkxc."ugpfq"eqdgtvq"eqo"vgttc"g" go"uwc"
uwrgthekg"egtecfq"eqo"rgftcu" g" eqo" c" rtgugp›c" fg" woc" etw¦" fg" ocfgktc."
swg"ckpfc"jqlg"fi"xkukvcfc"rqt"owkvqu"go"Ktcpk."pcu"rtqzkokfcfgu"fq"nqecn"fq"
eqodcvg."eqphqtog"rqfg"ugt"qdugtxcfq"pc"Hkiwtc"5012"Ugiwpfq"Nw¦."ckpfc"pq"
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Revista Esboços, Florianópolis, v. 19, n. 28, p. 13-30, dez. 2012.
cpq"fg"3;62"ug"cetgfkvcxc"pc"tguuwttgk›«q"fq"oqpig."swg"ug"fctkc"c"rctvkt"fg"uwc"
ugrwnvwtc."swg"pcswgnc"qecuk«q"Ðguvcxc"uckpfq"fc"eqxc"g"swg"ugwu"rfiu."eqo"qu"
ucrcvqu"ckpfc"pqxqu."lƒ"guvcxco"rctc"hqtc"fc"vgttcÑ013 O depoimento do militar
g"hctoce‒wvkeq"Nwk¦"Hgttcpvg."eqnjkfq"rqt"Swgktq¦"gzkdg"c"ognjqt"kocigo"fc"
sepultura do monge poucos dias depois do combate:
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fg"ecfƒxgtgu"gurcnjcfqu."ogkq"fgeqorquvqu."hw›cfqu"rgnqu"
rqtequ0"Rgtegdgw"wo"dwtceq" eqdgtvq" fg" vƒdwcu0" Fguegw"
do cavalo, levantou as tábuas, e deu com o corpo de José
Octkc"cnk"fgkvcfq." go" fgeqorquk›«q" vcodfio0" Pkuvq" hqk"
tqfgcfq"rqt"ogkc"f¿¦kc" fg"ugtvcpglqu"fg" oƒ"ecvcfwtc"swg"
njg"rgtiwpvcxco"q" swg"hc¦kc0"Tgurqpfgw" swg" qnjcxc" q"
oqpig"swg"owkvqu"guvcxco"fk¦gpfq"swg"kc"tguuwuekvct0"Ocku"
vctfg."icpjcpfq"c"eqpÝcp›c"fguugu"jqogpu"g"eqpxgtucpfq"
eqo"‒ngu."fk¦"swg"xgtkÝeqw"swg" guvcxco"xgtfcfgktcogpvg"
hcpcvk¦cfqu"rgnq"oqpig."cetgfkvcxco"swg"‒ng"gtc"wo"ucpvq."
swg"‒ng"hc¦kc"okncitgu"fg"v»fc"qtfgo."g"swg"kc"tguuwuekvct"
c"swcnswgt"jqtc014
C"ekvc›«q"cekoc."cnfio"fg"fguetgxgt"go"rqtogpqt"c"rtkogktc"ugrwnvwtc"
fg"Lqufi"Octkc." kphqtoc" uqdtg" q" fguvkpq" fqu" fgocku" oqtvqu" pq" eqodcvg0"C"
rtkperkq."Ýectco" kpugrwnvqu." " ogte‒" fcu" kpvgorfitkgu." fc"rwvtghc›«q"g" fc"
fome dos porcos, muito provavelmente aguardando também a ressurreição
go"eqplwpvq"eqo"ugw" nfgt0"Pq"gpvcpvq."vtcpueqttkfq"ocku"vgorq." qu"eqtrqu"
hqtco"gpvgttcfqu"go"fgÝpkvkxq"go"woc"xcnc"eqngvkxc."rqku."pcswgng"oqogpvq."
ugtkc"korquuxgn"fkhgtgpekct"qu"ecfƒxgtgu"g"fct/njgu"ugrwnvwtcu"kpfkxkfwcku037
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Revista Esboços, Florianópolis, v. 19, n. 28, p. 13-30, dez. 2012.
Figura 3 - Rquuxgn"nqecn"fg"egokvfitkq"fq"eqodcvg"fq"Ktcpk."owpkerkq"fg"Ktcpk."Ucpvc"
Ecvctkpc0"Hqpvg
Jƒ."eqpvwfq."cniwocu"eqpvtqxfitukcu"uqdtg"q"fguvkpq"Ýpcn"fqu"ecfƒxgtgu0"
Gswkxqecfcogpvg."Uvwn¦gt"guetgxg"swg"q"ecrkv«q"Lq«q"Iwcndgtvq"hqk"gpvgttcfq"
pq"oguoq"nwict"swg"Lqufi"Octkc"g"qu"fgocku"eqodcvgpvgu"oqtvqu."swcpfq"ug"
ucdg"swg" ugw" eqtrq" hqk" gpxkcfq" rctc" Ewtkvkdc." qpfg"tgegdgw"jqogpcigpu"g"
jqptcu"oknkvctgu" g" fi." kpenwukxg." eqpukfgtcfq" q" rcvtqpq"fc"rqnekc"oknkvct" fq"
Rctcpƒ016"Go"woc"hqpvg"jƒ"c"kphqtoc›«q"fg"swg"qu"oqtvqu"fq"ncfq"fcu"hqt›cu"
policiais foram enterrados individualmente, formando, assim, um cemitério
rt„zkoq"cq" nqecn"fq"eqodcvg39."gpswcpvq" Fgogtxcn"Rgkzqvq"guetgxg" swg" qu"
oknkvctgu"oqtvqu"hqtco"cdcpfqpcfqu"pq"ecorq"fg"dcvcnjc03:"¡"rtqxƒxgn"swg"pq"
local ocorra concomitantemente tanto cemitérios com enterramentos individuais
swcpvq"eqngvkxqu."q"swg"rqfgtƒ"ugt"eqpÝtocfq"rqt"guvwfqu"ctswgqn„ikequ0
Qu"eqodcvgu" fg"4:"fg" fg¦godtq" fg"3;35"g" 2:"fg"hgxgtgktq" fg" 3;36"
go"Vcswctw›w"tguwnvctco"pwoc"itcpfg"swcpvkfcfg"fg"rgtfcu"fg"rctvg"c"rctvg."
ocu"eqo" owkvq" ocku" oqtvqu" fq" ncfq" ecdqenq0"Tguvqw." fgpvtq" fq" rquuxgn."
enterrar os mortos de maneira improvisada, gerando cemitérios com poucos
gngogpvqu"ocvgtkcku"go"uwc"uwrgthekg."hcvq"eqowo."cnkƒu."c"vqfqu"qu"ecorqu"
ucpvqu"cuuqekcfqu"cq"eqpÞkvq0"Cr„u"q"ugiwpfq"eqodcvg."qu"oknkvctgu"gpvtctco"
no reduto19"g"rtgugpekctco"fg¦gpcu"fg"eqtrqu"gurcnjcfqu."rtkpekrcnogpvg"fg"
ownjgtgu"g" etkcp›cu0" Qu" ugtvcpglqu." fkcpvg" fc" fgttqvc"kokpgpvg."gxcewctco"
g"hqtco" ug" guvcdgngegt" swkn»ogvtqu" cfkcpvg." hwpfcpfq" c"ekfcfg" ucpvc" fg"
Ectciwcvƒ0"Eqoq"hwiktco"u"rtguucu."qu"ugtvcpglqu"p«q"rwfgtco"gpvgttct"ugwu"
20
Revista Esboços, Florianópolis, v. 19, n. 28, p. 13-30, dez. 2012.
eqorcpjgktqu."fgkzcpfq/qu" kpugrwnvqu0"Eqwdg" u"hqt›cu"fq" gzfitekvq"tgcnk¦ct"
qu"gpvgttcogpvqu."vcpvq" fqu" ecdqenqu" swcpvq" fqu" oknkvctgu." gpeqpvtcfqu" pq"
tgfwvq"fguvtwfq"g"pq"ugw"gpvqtpq042"Cr„u"c"tgcnk¦c›«q"fguucu"cvkxkfcfgu"fi"swg"
qu"dcvcnjgu" tgitguuctco" c" ugwu" cecorcogpvqu" pqu" ecorqu"fq" Gurkpknjq0"
Fguvg"oqfq."eqpenwk/ug"swg"qu"oqtvqu"hqtco"ugrwnvcfqu"pcu"rtqzkokfcfgu"fq"
tgfwvq."owkvq"rquukxgnogpvg"pqu"cttgfqtgu"kogfkcvqu"fq"oguoq."lƒ"swg."cr„u"
q"eqodcvg"Ýpcn."q"nwict"hqk"swgkocfq0
Go"Uvwn¦gt"gpeqpvtc/ug"c"ukvwc›«q"fqu"ecfƒxgtgu"fkcu"fgrqku"fq"eqodcvg."
fguetkvc"rqt" wo" vcn" Htgk" Icurct" swg" xkukvqw"q" nqecn021 De acordo com este
tgnkikquq"fc"qtfgo"fqu"htcpekuecpqu."lƒ"vkpjco"ukfq"gpvgttcfqu"qu"oqtvqu"pq"
eqodcvg"swcpfq"fc"rtkogktc"xkukvc0"Pc"ugocpc"uwdugswgpvg."q"rcftg"xqnvqw"
c"Vcswctw›w"g"qdugtxqw"swg"xƒtkqu"eqtrqu"guvcxco"fgueqdgtvqu."gpv«q."vtcvqw"
de cobri-los permanentemente com mais terra.
Cu"cpƒnkugu"fg"Octnk"Cwtcu"g"Fgnokt"Xcngpvkpk"kpfkeco"swg"cu"cvkvwfgu"
perante a morte por parte dos caboclos mudaram com o decorrer do tempo.
Gzgornq"fkuuq" ugtkc" c"oqtvg"fg"wo" uqnfcfq" swg"eckw"rtkukqpgktq" pq" tgfwvq"
fg"Vcswctw›w"fwtcpvg"q" rtkogktq"eqodcvg" fg"Ýpu"fg"3;350"Fkcpvg"fc"oqtvg"
kokpgpvg."q"oknkvct"vgtkc"rgfkfq"rctc"ugt"gpvgttcfq"ugo"ugw"hctfcogpvq."q"swcn"
foi atendido, tendo sido inclusive realizada uma cerimônia religiosa no ato
de seu enterramento.22"C"rtƒvkec"fg"gzwoct"g"tgvcnjct"qu"eqtrqu"fqu"kpkokiqu"
ngxcfqu"c"ghgkvq"rgnqu"ugtvcpglqu"ug"fctkc"c"rctvkt"fcu"dcvcnjcu"pq"tgfwvq"ucpvq"
fg"Ectciwcvƒ0"Gpvtgvcpvq."jƒ"rkuvcu"swg"guuc"rtƒvkec"ug"guvgpfgw"cqu"oknkvctgu"
gpvgttcfqu"lƒ"go"Vcswctw›w."swcpfq."vgorqu"fgrqku."qu"ecdqenqu"cuugpvcfqu"
em Caraguatá voltaram e desenterraram os soldados mortos.23
Ocu"c"rtƒvkec"fg"gzwoc›«q"g"vgpvcvkxc"fg"fguvtwk›«q"hukec"fqu"eqtrqu"ug"
fctƒ"fg"oqfq"kpvgpuq"cr„u"qu"rtkogktqu"gpvtgxgtqu"pc"ekfcfg"ucpvc"fg"Ectciwcvƒ0"
Guugu"cvqu" ug" tgxguvgo" fg" vcn" eqorngzkfcfg" swg"cniwpu" rguswkucfqtgu"
eqpugiwktco"crgpcu"ug"crtqzkoct"fg"woc"gzrnkec›«q"tc¦qƒxgn."ocu"swg."ugo"
f¿xkfc."gpxqnxkc"woc"ufitkg"fg"gncdqtc›gu"ukod„nkeq/tgnkikqucu"rqt"rctvg"fqu"
ugtvcpglqu0"Rctc"cswgngu"swg"ug"fgvkxgtco"c"gzcnvct"egtvcu"ectcevgtuvkecu"ÐetwfikuÑ"
dos caboclos, o desenterro dos corpos de militares foi mais um dos elementos
wucfqu"rctc" tguucnvct" c" ÐugnxcigtkcÑ" swg" tgkpcxc" gpvtg"c" igpvg" fq" ugtv«q"
ecvctkpgpug0"Q"ecuq"fg"Ectciwcvƒ"fi"gzgornct"g"cswk"fguetkvq"rqt"Ocejcfq<
Hqk"pguvg"eqodcvg"fg" Ectciwcvƒ" swg" ug" xgtkÝeqw." rgnc"
primeira vez, a prática de exumação dos cadáveres dos
cfxgtuƒtkqu0"C"vtqrc"fq"gzfitekvq" gpvgttqw"ugwu" oqtvqu"go"
egokvfitkqu"rt„zkoq"c" U«q" Ugdcuvk«q" fcu" Rgtfk¦gu0" Fqku"
ogugu"fgrqku." fwtcpvg" c" gzrgfk›«q" fq" igpgtcn"Oguswkvc."
os militares se defrontaram com a visão aterradora de
kfgpvkÝect"qu"ecfƒxgtgu" fg" ugwu" ecoctcfcu" gzwocfqu" g"
picados a facão.24
21
Revista Esboços, Florianópolis, v. 19, n. 28, p. 13-30, dez. 2012.
Q"egokvfitkq" oknkvct" fg" Rgtfk¦gu" eqpvcxc" eqo" crtqzkocfcogpvg"48"
eqtrqu."swg"hqtco"gpvgttcfqu"nqiq"cr„u"qu"rtkogktqu"eqodcvgu"qeqttkfqu"c"rctvkt"
fg"2;"fg"oct›q"fg"3;36."eqpvcpfq."kpenwukxg."eqo"woc"egtec"swg"q"fgnkokvcxc047
O ato consistia em desenterrar e mutilar os corpos, para, posteriormente, serem
fgkzcfqu"gzrquvqu""c›«q"fcu"kpvgorfitkgu"g"rctc"ugtxkt"fg"cnkogpvq"rctc"rqtequ"
e aves.26"Cniwpu"tgncvqu"kpfkeco"ckpfc"c›gu"gxgpvwcku"fg"ucswg."eqoq"q"eqtvg"
fqu"fgfqu"swg"rqtvcxco"cpfiku49 e o instrumento utilizado no trucidamento era
o facão.4:"Cniwpu"qwvtqu"fgvcnjgu"hqtco"cuukpcncfqu."eqoq"q"cvq"fg"fgkzct"qu"
eqtrqu"fg"dtw›qu"g"fg"ug"hc¦gt"q"ukpcn"fc"etw¦"go"ugwu"et¤pkqu"eqo"wo"hce«q029
Pqvc/ug"swg" cu" gzwoc›gu" g" cu" rquvgtkqtgu" kpwoc›gu52, possuem
kornkec›gu"korqtvcpvgu"rctc"cpƒnkugu"ctswgqn„ikecu"fqu"egokvfitkqu"jkuv„tkequ."
go"rtkogktq" nwict." fgxg" fkÝewnvct"c"kfgpvkÝec›«q"fg"egokvfitkqu"kpvcevqu" qw"
com relativo grau de conservação e organização. Em um segundo momento,
c"ctswgqnqikc" rqfgtƒ" eqpvtkdwkt" rctc" cu" kpvgtrtgvc›gu" uqdtg"q" cuuwpvq."
kfgpvkÝecpfq"gurc›qu" go" swg" jqwxg" vcku" rtƒvkecu" g."eqpugswgpvgogpvg." c"
kpvgpukfcfg"go"swg"cu"oguocu"qeqttgtco."cnfio"fg"gzcokpct"cu"quucfcu"go"
dwuec"fcu"octecu"fcu"c›gu"fg"hcegu"qw"qwvtqu"kpuvtwogpvqu"g"ctocu."eqoq"
rqt"gzgornq."rctc"eqpÝtoct"qw"tghwvct"c"qeqtt‒pekc"fcu"octecu"fgkzcfcu"pqu"
et¤pkqu"fguetkvcu"pq"rctƒitchq"cpvgtkqt0
Cniwpu"rguswkucfqtgu" vgpvctco"gpvgpfgt"cu" c›gu"fg"rtqhcpc›«q" fqu"
oqtvqu."fguvcecpfq/ug"swcvtq"gzrncpc›gu 3" /" Nw¦" cflwfkec" cu" gzwoc›gu"
cq"hcvq"fg" p«q"ug"rqfgt"ugrwnvct"uwlgkvqu"rtqhcpqu"go" wo"vgttkv„tkq"ucitcfq."
eqoq"gtc"q"gurc›q"fqu"tgfwvqu=31"4"/"ejcocfc"fg"Ðcvkxkfcfg"oƒikeq/iwgttgktcÑ"
rqt"Swgktq¦" swg" kpxguvg" pwoc" gzrnkec›«q" uqdtg" q" qdlgvkxq" fg" korqt" ogfq"
cqu"kpkokiqu."swg"rqfgtkco"vgogt"p«q"tgegdgtgo"wo"ugrwnvcogpvq"etkuv«q"g."
rqtvcpvq."p«q"rqfgtkco"cuegpfgt"cq"efiw=32"5"Î"Oqpvgktq"ugiwg"qwvtq"ecokpjq"fg"
fkuewuu«q."eqortggpfgpfq"c"oqtvg"g"cu"eqpugswgpvgu"kpwoc›gu"g"gzwoc›gu"
eqoq"kpgtgpvgu"cq"eqorngzq"wpkxgtuq"tgnkikquq"ecdqenq"g"swg"guucu"cvkxkfcfgu"
gtco"rtcvkecfcu"eqoq"ug"ugiwkuugo"woc"ngk."pguvg"ecuq."fg"qtfgo"fkxkpc=33 4 -
rqt"Ýo."Gurki"vcodfio"ugiwg"q"xkfiu"tgnkikquq"rctc"gpvgpfgt"swg"cqu"kpkokiqu"
fgxgtkc"ugt"kpvgtfkvcfq"q"ceguuq"cq"Ðgzfitekvq"gpecpvcfq"fg"U«q"Ugdcuvk«qÑ"rqt"
ogkq"fguucu"c›gu"swg"p«q"rquukdknkvctkco"swcnswgt"ejcpeg"fg"tguuwttgk›«q034
Rqfgtkc"rgpuct/ug"ugtkcogpvg"go"woc"cpƒnkug"ocku"eqpvgzvwcn"rctc"fct"eqpvc"
desse complexo tema da guerra e do tratamento dos mortos, incluindo, em uma
oguoc"gzrnkec›«q."gxkf‒pekcu"vcpvq"rtƒvkecu"swcpvq"ukod„nkecu."fq"rqtswg"ug"
negar aos adversários um enterro cristão.
Kpvgtguucpvg"pqvct"swg"guvc"cvkxkfcfg"rtqhcpcv„tkc"ug"guvgpfgw"vcodfio"
rctc"cswgngu"ugtvcpglqu"swg"hqtco"cewucfqu"fg"vtck›«q0"Ckpfc"go"Ectciwcvƒ."
Rcwnq"Rkpjgktq"Ocejcfq"c"rctvkt"fq"guvwfq"fg"fgrqkogpvqu"cÝtoc"swg"Ðqu"swg"
gtco"uwurgkvqu"fg"eqncdqtct"qw"ÐdqodgctÑ"rctc"q"iqxgtpq"tgegdkco"c"oqtvg"
ugo"fktgkvq"c"gpvgttq"etkuv«q="ugwu"eqtrqu"gtco"lqicfqu"pq"ocvq"qw"u"octigpu"
fq"tkq" Vkod„Ñ."qw"vcodfio"rqfgtkco" ugt" rtquvtcfqu" go" ƒtgcu"fkuvcpvgu"fqu"
22
Revista Esboços, Florianópolis, v. 19, n. 28, p. 13-30, dez. 2012.
redutos e abandonados até se reduzirem apenas aos ossos.57 Teriam o mesmo
fguvkpq"cswgngu"uwlgkvqu"swg"tguqnxguugo" vcodfio" gpvgttct" qu" eqtrqu" qw" qu"
xguvikqu"„uugqu"fqu"kpkokiqu036
Fg"qwvtq"oqfq."cu"kpwoc›gu"fqu"eqorcpjgktqu"swg"vqodctco"go"
dcvcnjc"tgegdgtco"wo"vtcvcogpvq" gurgekcn."ugpfq." fgpvtq"fcu" rquukdknkfcfgu"
fq"eqpÞkvq."pgeguuƒtkq"swg"hquugo"gpvgttcfqu"fg"oqfq"cfgswcfq."ug"vqocpfq"
eqoq"vctghc"korqtvcpvg"swg"vqfqu"qu"eqtrqu"hquugo"kfgpvkÝecfqu"g"swg"pkpiwfio"
Ýecuug"ugo"ugrwnvwtc590"Fg"ceqtfq" eqo"Fwincu" Vgkzgktc"Oqpvgktq."q"gpvgttq"
etkuv«q"ugtkc" pgeguuƒtkq" rctc" c" hwvwtc" tguuwttgk›«q" lwpvq"c" Lqufi" Octkc." pq"
gzfitekvq"gpecpvcfq"swg"fctkc"c"xkv„tkc"Ýpcn"cqu"ecdqenqu05:"C"tgnc›«q"fkcnfivkec"
estabelecida entre a exumação dos adversários e a inumação dos colegas de
fé e de guerra é explanada por esse autor da seguinte maneira:
GpÝo."cu"rtƒvkecu" uqnkfƒtkcu" fc" kpwoc›«q" fqu" Ýfiku" g" fc"
gzwoc›«q"fqu"kpÝfiku"u«q"oqfqu"qrquvqu"g"eqorngogpvctgu"
de enfrentar a natureza inerente ao cadáver. Dar sepultura
rkgfquc"cqu"rtkogktqu"fi" wo" tkvq" fg" rwtkÝec›«q0" Rqt" gng."
vqtpc/ug"rquuxgn"fkuvkpiwk/nqu"fgpvtq" fq" fguvkpq" eqowo"
swg"rctvknjco"eqo" qu" fgocku0" Fguuc" ocpgktc." ictcpvg/
ug"c"eqpvkpwkfcfg" g" c" kpvgitkfcfg" fg" wo" owpfq" fq" swcn"
também fazem parte os vivos e as entidades celestiais e,
rtkpekrcnogpvg."cuugiwtc/ug"cqu"swg"oqttgo."wo"nwict"pq"
Gzfitekvq"Gpecpvcfq0" Pgiƒ/nc"cqu"¿nvkoqu." gzrgnkpfq/qu"g"
entregando-os desprotegidos aos urubus, também é um
tkvq"rgnq"swcn" rtqewtc/ug" octect" fg" oqfq" kpgswxqeq" c"
kpfgngdknkfcfg"fc"korwtg¦c"swg"ecttgico039
Rctgeg"swg"guuc"fkeqvqokc"kpwoc›«q"z"gzwoc›«q"ckpfc"rqfgtƒ"hqtpgegt"
fcfqu"kpvgtguucpvgu"rctc"c"kpxguvkic›«q"ctswgqn„ikec."rqku"jƒ"c"vgpf‒pekc"fg"swg"
qu"egokvfitkqu"fqu"ugtvcpglqu"guvglco"ocku"rtgugtxcfqu"g"swg"guvg"hcvq"rqfgtƒ"
contribuir para a diferenciação entre os dois tipos de ocorrência, podendo-se
kpenwukxg"kpxguvkict"tgnc›gu"kfgpvkvƒtkcu"pqu"ecorqu"ucpvqu."woc"xg¦"swg"qu"
guetkvqu"jkuv„tkequ"fgrgo"c"hcxqt"fg"woc"ugrctc›«q"tikfc"gpvtg"wo"g"qwvtq0"
Swcpfq"Ectciwcvƒ" hqk"Ýpcnogpvg"qewrcfc." qu" oknkvctgu"pqvctco"swg"
o cemitério do reduto estava localizado ao lado da igreja.62 Na emboscada
"vtqrc" fq" vgpgpvg" Ocvvqu"Equvc"go"3;36." qu" eqtrqu" fg" 32"qw"34" uqnfcfqu"
mortos encontrados nas margens da ferrovia foram enviados para a cidade de
Wpk«q"fc"Xkv„tkc."qpfg"hqtco"ugrwnvcfqu"pq"egokvfitkq"owpkekrcn0"Q"eqtrq"fg"
Ocvvqu"Equvc"hqk"gpxkcfq"g"gpvgttcfq"go"Ewtkvkdc."Rctcpƒ041 Também em 1914,
qwvtq"eqtrq"kpugrwnvq"gpeqpvtcfq"vtwekfcfq"hqk"q"fq"vgpgpvg"Cpvqpkq"Rgtgktc"
Ecorqu."oqtvq"go"godquecfc0"Pguvg"ecuq."hqk"gpvgttcfq."cq"swg"rctgeg."go"
uma sepultura isolada e, portanto, fora da área de um cemitério, na comunidade
fg"Xknc"Pqxc"fq"Vkod„042
23
Revista Esboços, Florianópolis, v. 19, n. 28, p. 13-30, dez. 2012.
Os combates nos redutos foram produzindo seus campos santos para
c"iwctfc"fqu"eqtrqu"vcpvq" fqu"ugtvcpglqu" swcpvq"fqu" oknkvctgu"g" xcswgcpqu43
swg"kco"rgtgegpfq"pc"htgpvg"fg"dcvcnjc0"Ugiwpfq"Uqctgu."cr„u"qu"eqodcvgu"
pq"tgfwvq"fg"Ucpvq"Cpv»pkq"vtcvqw/ug"fg"gpvgttct"qu"oqtvqu"pq"oguoq"nqecn"
swg"cu"vtqrcu"guvcxco"guvcekqpcfcu0"Q"tgncvq"fq" oknkvct"ckpfc"ogpekqpc"swg"
woc"okuu«q"gzrnqtcv„tkc"hqk"fgukipcfc"rctc"fct"ugrwnvwtc"cqu"ecfƒxgtgu"fqu"
ecdqenqu"swg"kco"ugpfq"gpeqpvtcfqu"pcu"ocvcu"cflcegpvgu"cq"tgfwvq"fguvtwfq044
Rqt"eqpugiwkpvg."eqpenwk/ug"swg"cu"dcvcnjcu"pguvg"tgfwvq"igtctco"rgnq"ogpqu"
um cemitério coletivo, no caso, o dos militares, e diversas sepulturas isoladas,
fgxkfq"cq"kpfkecvkxq"fg"swg"qu"ugtvcpglqu"gtco"gpvgttcfqu"pq"oguoq"nqecn"go"
swg"hqtco"gpeqpvtcfqu"rgnqu"oknkvctgu0
Q"itcpfg"tgfwvq"fg"Ucpvc"Octkc"xkw"etguegt"gpqtogogpvg"qu"nkokvgu"fg"
ugw"egokvfitkq"fgxkfq""grkfgokc"fg"vkhq"swg"ug"cdcvgw"uqdtg"itcpfg"rctvg"fc"
irmandade.67"Fg"ceqtfq"eqo"Octnk"Cwtcu."Ðxkpvg"c"vtkpvc"eqtrqu"fg"Ýfiku"fg"vqfcu"
cu"kfcfgu"gtco."fkctkcogpvg."ngxcfqu"cq"kortqxkucfq"egokvfitkqÑ046 Dentro da
ƒtgc"fq"rt„rtkq"tgfwvq"jcxkc."rqtvcpvq."woc"pget„rqng"fg"itcpfgu"fkogpugu."
c"swcn"ugtxkw"fg"tgrqwuq"rctc"egpvgpcu"fg"eqtrqu"g"jqwxg"swgo"guetgxguug"swg"
q"egokvfitkq"etguekc"ocku"tcrkfcogpvg"swg"c"ƒtgc"jcdkvcekqpcn069 Consta também
swg"Cfgqfcvq"p«q"rgtokvkc"q"ugrwnvcogpvq"fcswgngu"uwlgkvqu"swg"hquugo"oqtvqu"
rqt"vtck›«q."jcxgpfq"q"oguoq"vtcvcogpvq"fcfq"cqu"kpkokiqu06: Dos falecidos
go"eqodcvg."vgo/ug"pqvekc"swg"qu"ecdqenqu"qu"gpvgttctco"pq"egpvtq"fq"swcftq"
santo49"g"swg"qu"eqtrqu"gtco"tguicvcfqu"pc"htgpvg"fg"eqodcvg"g"ngxcfqu"rctc"
o interior do reduto.72"Fq"ncfq"oknkvct."qu"oqtvqu"hqtco"kpwocfqu"pq"rt„rtkq"
local do acampamento das tropas.73"Nqiq"cr„u"c"swgfc"fq"tgfwvq."qu"oknkvctgu"
trataram de incendiá-lo, sem antes deixar de anotarem a existência do cemitério
fc"eqowpkfcfg"rt„zkoq"c"cniwocu"ecucu074
Em outros redutos também se tem o registro da existência de cemitérios.
Htgk"Cwtfinkq"Uvwn¦gt"guetgxgw"uqdtg"c"xkukvc"fg"htgk"Tqifitkq"Pgwjcwu"u"vtqrcu"
fg"Qpqhtg"Tkdgktq"pc"eqowpkfcfg"fg"Ucnugktq."qpfg"q"gzfitekvq"vgtkc"fguvtwfq"
wo"tgfwvq0" Pc" qecuk«q" dgp¦gw" ugrwnvwtcu" fg" fqku"ekxku" g" wo" uqnfcfq" swg"
rgtgegtco"pq" eqpÞkvq075" Pc" vqocfc" oknkvct" cq" tgfwvq"fq"Cngkzq." cu"vtqrcu"
avançaram sobre um cemitério localizado em uma das guardas avançadas, o
swg"fgpqvc" uwc"nqecnk¦c›«q"hqtc" fc"ƒtgc" jcdkvcekqpcn076"Pq"tgfwvq" fg"Rgftcu"
Dtcpecu"qu"tgdgnfgu"oqtvqu"go"eqodcvg"hqtco"gpvgttcfqu"pq"rt„rtkq"gurc›q"
fq"tgfwvq"lƒ"fguvtwfq077
Cu"fguetk›gu"fg"cvcswgu"fqu"rkswgvgu"zwetqu78 dos sertanejos renderam
vcodfio"cniwocu"kphqtoc›gu"uqdtg"c"eqpuvkvwk›«q"fg"egokvfitkqu0"Uvwn¦gt"pcttc"
"vgpvcvkxc"htwuvtcfc"fg"kpxcu«q"fc"xknc"fg"Ecpqkpjcu"go"37"fg"lwnjq"fg"3;37."
qpfg"qu" ugtvcpglqu" tgewctco" cr„u" q" htcecuuq" fc" qhgpukxc079" Rquvgtkqtogpvg."
bombeiros7:"fc" xknc" qdugtxctco" ugrwnvwtcu" eqpuvtwfcu" pc" tgvktcfc"fqu"
sertanejos, no total de três conjuntos funerários, sendo um com três sepulturas,
qwvtq"eqo"36"g"wo"vgtegktq"eqo"3:"gpvgttcogpvqu0"Qwvtq"rkswgvg"zwetq."ckpfc"
24
Revista Esboços, Florianópolis, v. 19, n. 28, p. 13-30, dez. 2012.
go"3;37."hqk"xvkoc"fg"wo"cvcswg"go"Ecr«q"Cnvq."swcpfq"vgpvcxc"ug"crtqzkoct"
de Lages. Na tentativa de contabilizar os mortos do lado caboclo, um religioso
swg"vguvgowpjqw"q"gxgpvq"pcttc"swg"vcn"vctghc"ug"tgxguvkc"fg"egtvc"fkÝewnfcfg."
woc"xg¦"swg"qu"eqtrqu"gtco"qewnvcfqu"tcrkfcogpvg."gxkfgpekcpfq/ug"q"gp vg ttq"
tƒrkfq"fqu"eqorcpjgktqu07;
Pq"Ýo"fq"eqpÞkvq."pq"kpekq"fg"3;38."egpvgpcu"fg"rguuqcu"rtqxgpkgpvgu"
fqu"tgfwvqu"ug"gpvtgictco"qw"hqtco"crtkukqpcfcu"rgncu"hqt›cu"oknkvctgu0"Rctvg"
fguug"eqpvkpigpvg"hqk"gpvtgiwg"cqu"xcswgcpqu."eqoq"Lwec"Vkitg"g"Rgftq"Twkxq."
para serem fuziladas ou degoladas nas margens de estradas e rios nas cercanias
fg"Ecpqkpjcu."qpfg"ugwu"eqtrqu"Ýectco"kpugrwnvqu082"Cpqu"fgrqku."go"3;48."
ckpfc"gtc"rquuxgn"xgt"pc"rckucigo"qu"tguvqu"oqtvcku"kpugrwnvqu"fcswgngu"swg"
viveram nos redutos:
Q"hctoce‒wvkeq"Cnhtgfq" Ngougt." swg" guvgxg" pcswgngu"
tgfwvqu"cr„u"ugtgo" fguvtwfqu." eqpvqw/pqu." ckpfc" go"
3;48."swg"xkw"kp¿ogtqu"ecfƒxgtgu"fg"jqogpu."ownjgtgu"
g"etkcp›cu."kpugrwnvqu"pcswgngu"citwrcogpvqu."oqtvqu"rqt"
hgtkogpvqu"g."go"ockqt" p¿ogtq."oqtvqu" fg"hqog"qw"rgnq"
vkhq0"Hqk" kphqtocfq." pcswgncu" nqecnkfcfgu." swg" oqttgtco"
ocku"rguuqcu" cuuko"xkvkocfcu." fq"swg"cu" swg"rgtfgtco" c"
vida em combate.61
C"ekvc›«q"cekoc"hc¦"ngodtct"swg."go"woc"ukvwc›«q"fg"iwgttc."cu"oqtvgu"
não são resultantes apenas de combates, mas também a fome e as doenças
vkxgtco"ghgkvqu"fgxcuvcfqtgu"rctc"qu"ecdqenqu"swg"xkxkco"uqd"egteq"eqpuvcpvg"
g"eqo"fkÝewnfcfgu"fg"ocpvgt"egtvc"ucnwdtkfcfg"pqu"tgfwvqu."qpfg."kpenwukxg."
quuqu"jwocpqu"rqfkco"ugt"xkuvqu"gzrquvqu"hqtc"fcu"ƒtgcu"hwpgtƒtkcu062
Cu"hqt›cu"tgrtguuqtcu"vtcvctco"fg"ocpgktc"fkhgtgpvg"qu"ecfƒxgtgu"fg"389"
ecdqenqu"oqtvqu"pq"eqodcvg"fq" tgfwvq"fg" Rgtfk¦kpjc."swg." cr„u"c"gzgew›«q"
rqt"hw¦kncogpvq."vkxgtco" ugwu"eqtrqu"swgkocfqu"eqo"cwznkq"fg"itkorcu"fg"
rkpjgktq063 Essa informação combina com a existência atualmente no antigo
nqecn"fq"tgfwvq."nqecnk¦cfq"pq"owpkerkq"fg"Ngdqp"Tfiiku."Ucpvc"Ecvctkpc."fg"
estruturas feitas de pedras, com a mesma técnica empregada na construção de
owtqu"fg" vckrc."eqo"hqtocvq" tgvcpiwnct" g"kfgpvkÝecfcu"eqoq" etgocv„tkqu64,
conforme imagem a seguir:
25
Revista Esboços, Florianópolis, v. 19, n. 28, p. 13-30, dez. 2012.
Figura 4 -"Fgvcnjg"fg" guvtwvwtc" fg" dnqequ" fg" rgftc." hqtocpfq" owtq" fg" uwrquvq"
Ðetgocv„tkqÑ"go"Ngdqp"Tfiiku."Ucpvc"Ecvctkpc0"Hqpvg
Outras notas esporádicas sobre cemitérios foram mencionadas em
eqpvgzvqu"fkxgtuqu"fc"iwgttccxkcfqt"Mktm."swg"oqttgw"fgxkfq""
swgfc"fg"ugw"cxk«q."hqk"gpvgttcfq"pq"egokvfitkq"fg"Wpk«q"fc"Xkv„tkc."go"3;36=87
Htgk"Tqifitkq"tgcnk¦qw"go"ockq"fg"3;37"woc"egtko»pkc"tgnkikquc"pq"egokvfitkq"
fg"Ecpqkpjcu."go"ogo„tkc"fg"wo"uqnfcfq"oqtvq"pc"vgpvcvkxc"fg"woc"kpxcu«q"
ugtvcpglc"pq"fkc"cpvgtkqt="wo"rkswgvg"zwetq"kpxcfkw"c"eqowpkfcfg"fg"U«q"Lq«q"
fqu"Rqdtgu"c"rctvkt"fg"ugw"egokvfitkq=66 a fazenda Rio Doce também foi atacada
rgnqu"tgdgnfgu"dcugcfqu"pq"tgfwvq"fg"U«q"Okiwgn."ugpfq"q"rtqrtkgvƒtkq"oqtvq"
g"gpvgttcfq"pc"rt„rtkc"ugfg"fc"hc¦gpfc089
CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS
Owkvqu"egokvfitkqu"eqpvkpwctco"c"rqxqct"c"rckucigo"fgrqku"fc"iwgttc"
g"ogtgego" vcodfio"rguswkucu"fg" ewpjq" ctswgqn„ikeq."rqfgpfq/ug"qdugtxct"
cu"vtcpuhqtoc›gu"qw"rgtocp‒pekcu"qeqttkfcu"pguvgu"uvkqu"cpvgu."fwtcpvg"g"
fgrqku"fq"eqpÞkvq0"Owkvqu"fguvgu"nqecku"iwctfco"cpvkiqu"oqtcfqtgu"fcu"ekfcfgu"
ucpvcu."eqoq"cswgng"nqecnk¦cfq"pc"Ugttc"fc"Gurgtcp›c."ogpekqpcfq"rqt"Fgnokt"
Valentini8:, e novos cemitérios em contextos urbanos foram sendo criados, como
q"fg"Wpk«q"fc"Xkv„tkc."kpcwiwtcfq"go"3;3:069"Wo"fguvgu"nqecku"gpeqpvtc/ug"pc"
26
Revista Esboços, Florianópolis, v. 19, n. 28, p. 13-30, dez. 2012.
eqowpkfcfg"fg"Vcswctw›w."nqecn"fq"rtkogktq"tgfwvq"fc"iwgttc."swg"iwctfco"
os corpos de moradores dos tempos da guerra, conforme imagem abaixo:
Figura 5:"Egokvfitkq"fc"eqowpkfcfg"fg"Vcswctw›w."Htckdwtiq."Ucpvc"Ecvctkpc0"Hqpvg
acervo do autor.
Cfgocku."itcpfg"rctvg"fqu"ecorqu"ucpvqu"eqpuvkvwfqu"c"rctvkt"fc"Iwgttc"
do Contestado ainda pode ser encontrada, registrada e estudada, a partir de
wo"rqpvq"fg"xkuvc"fqu"guvwfqu"fc"ctswgqnqikc."go"gurgekcn."fc"ctswgqnqikc"fc"
rckucigo0"Eqpeqtfc/ug"eqo"Uknxc.92"swcpfq"fk¦"swg"gpswcpvq"cniwpu"egokvfitkqu"
lƒ"u«q"eqpjgekfqu."owkvqu"qwvtqu"ckpfc"guv«q""gurgtc"rctc"ugtgo"gpeqpvtcfqu0"
Wo"oknkvct"swg"rctvkekrqw"fq"eqpÞkvq"fgkzqw"wo"xkxq"tgvtcvq"uqdtg"c"cnvgtc›«q"
fc"rckucigo"ewnvwtcn"ecwucfc"rgnqu"tguvqu"oqtvcku"nqiq"cr„u"q"vfitokpq"fc"iwgttc<
Xk."gueqpfkfqu" "uqodtc"fg"htqpfqucu" ƒtxqtgu" ugewnctgu."
cemitérios improvisados em clareiras abertas em plena
g"fgpuc"ocvc" xktigo." go" nqictgu" qpfg" q" jqogo" lcocku"
jcxkc"gzcncfq"q"u»rtq"xkiqtquq"fg"uwc"xkfc0"Xk.""octigo"
fg"ecokpjqu"ocn"cdgtvqu" fg" ectiwgktqu." qw" gzswkukvqu"
dtcpswglcpfq""nw¦"fq"uqn"qw"go"pqkvgu"nwctgpvcu."oknjctgu"
fg"quucfcu"jwocpcu."fg" jqogpu." ownjgtgu" g" etkcp›cu."
vtwekfcfcu"swg"hqtco"c"egtvgktq"vktq"fg"hwukn."qw"c"ciw›cfc"
rqpvc"fg"ucdtg=" c" vktq" fg" icttwejc." qw" c" Ýq" fg" hcec" qw"
hce«q."kpugrwnvcu"swg"Ýectco"rctc"gueƒtpgq"fc"ekxknk¦c›«q"g"
27
Revista Esboços, Florianópolis, v. 19, n. 28, p. 13-30, dez. 2012.
nwfkdtkq"fc"jwocpkfcfg="xkvkocu"koqncfcu""nwvc"htcvtkekfc."
qw""rgtxgtukfcfg"kpqokpƒxgn"fg"ejghqvgu"fg"cttckcn093
Cu"ocku"fkxgtucu"pget„rqngu"ug"eqpÝiwtco"eqoq"korqtvcpvgu"gurc›qu"
swg"eqpvtkdwgo" pc" ocvgtkcnk¦c›«q" fc" ogo„tkc" fc" Iwgttc"fq" Eqpvguvcfq."
lwpvcogpvg"eqo" qu" fgocku" uvkqu" ctswgqn„ikequ" g" jkuv„tkequ"swg" rquuwgo"
eqpgz«q"eqo" q" vgoc0" Xcng/ug"cswk"ocku"woc" xg¦" fg" Uqctgu" rctc"gxqect"cu"
guvtwvwtcu"hwpgtƒtkcu"eqoq"rqpvqu"fg"ceguuq"c"guuc"ogo„tkc."ugpfq"q"tguwnvcfq"
oƒzkoq"g"¿nvkoq" fg"wo"eqpÞkvq"dfinkeq"fg"itcpfgu"rtqrqt›gu"eqoq"q"hqk"c"
Iwgttc"fq"Eqpvguvcfq Ðg"wo"fkc"swcpfq"q" vgorq"vkxgt"rcuucfq"g"cecnocfq"
c"fqt."vcnxg¦" qu"oq›qu"fg"jqlg"vqtpcfqu" gpv«q"cx„u." eqpfw¦co"rgnc"o«q"qu"
Ýnjkpjqu"g"clqgnjcfqu"uqdtg"v¿ownqu."pq"gtoq"fqu"ecorqu."eqo"cu"o«qu"rquvcu"
para o céu, relembrem por entre lágrimas doloridas a tragédia formidável, a
nwvc"fqu"ugwu"cpvgrcuucfqu0Ñ94
NOTAS
1" DGNNQOQ."Jctt{"Tqftkiwgu0"C"ctvg"hwpgtƒtkc0" KpTqftkiwgu"*Qti0+0"
Cemitérios do Rio Grande do Sul0"Rqtvq"Cngitg
2" Ugtvcpglq"fi"cswk"gpvgpfkfq"eqoq"q"jcdkvcpvg"fc"tgik«q."kuvq"fi."fq"ugtv«q"Eqpvguvcfq."vcodfio"
fgpqokpcfq"c"rctvkt" fg" uwc" eqorquk›«q" fivpkec" rtgfqokpcpvg." q" ecdqenq0" C"fgurgkvq" fqu"
rtqdngocu"fguuc" eqpegkvwc›«q." wvknk¦c/ug" cswk" eqoq"ukipkÝecfq" fg" oqtcfqt1oqtcfqtc" fqu"
tgfwvqu"g."rqtvcpvq."rctvkekrcpvg"fq"eqpÞkvq0
3" Fgpvtg"c"xcuvc"dkdnkqitcÝc."uwigtg/ug"c"eqpuwnvc"fg"Xcngpvkpk"*XCNGPVKPK."Fgnokt"Lqufi0"Da
cidade santa à corte celesteugtvcpglqu"g"c"iwgttc"fq"eqpvguvcfq0"40"gf0"Ec›cfqt
WPE."42220+" g" fg" Ocejcfq" *OCEJCFQ." Rcwnq" Rkpjgktq0" Lideranças do Contestado: a
hqtoc›«q"g"cvwc›«q" fcu" ejgÝcu" ecdqencu" *3;34/3;38+0" Ecorkpcu Gfkvqtc" fc" WPKECOR."
42260+."swg"crtgugpvco"upvgugu"uqdtg"q"vgoc0
4" Vtcvc/ug"fg"tgik«q" swg"hqk"q"grkegpvtq" fq"eqpÞkvq"fq"Eqpvguvcfq." swg"icpjqw" guvg"pqog"
fgxkfq"" swguv«q"fg" nkokvgu" gpxqnxgpfq"qu" Guvcfqu"fq" Rctcpƒ" g"Ucpvc" Ecvctkpc"rgnc" rquug"
fguvcu"vgttcu."swg"hqk"uqogpvg"tguqnxkfc"go"3;38."qw"uglc."cr„u"q"Ýo"fc"iwgttc0
7" DGNNQOQ."qr0"ekv0."r0"35/440
6" UKNXC."Engvq" fc0"Apontamentos históricos de União da Vitória (1768-1933)."Wpk«q"fc
Xkv„tkc
9" Kdkfgo."r0"940
:" Kdkfgo."r0"::0
9" NW¥."Cwlqt"èxknc0"Os fanáticos
Hnqtkcp„rqnku
32"UVWN¥GT."Htgk" Cwtfinkq0" A Guerra dos Fanáticos (1912-1916): a contribuição dos
htcpekuecpqu0"Rgvt„rqnku/TLq¦gu."3;:40
11"NW¥."qr0"ekv0."r0";9="SWGKTQ¥."Ocwtekq"Xkpjcu"fg0"Oessianismo e conÞito social: a Guerra
Ugtvcpglc"fq"Eqpvguvcfq" *3;34/3;38+0"Tkq" fg"Lcpgktq Ekxknk¦c›«q"Dtcukngktc."3;880" r0"335="
28
Revista Esboços, Florianópolis, v. 19, n. 28, p. 13-30, dez. 2012.
UVWN¥GT."qr0"ekv0."r0"63="XCNGPVKPK."qr0"ekv0."r0":5="OCEJCFQ."qr0"ekv0."r0"3::0
12"UWTGM."Etkuvkpc"Nwk¦c"E¦gtyqpmc0"Wo"qnjct"uqdtg"q"Eqpvguvcfq"Î"Rgtegr›gu"fg"xkcigo="
UKNXC."Cfpknuqp"fg"Cnogkfc0"Eqpvguvcfq"Î"Vgttkvqtkcnkfcfgu"g"eqpvtcfk›gu"pc"oqfgtpkfcfg
woc"tgÞgz«q"rgtvwtdcfqtc" rctc"qu" pquuqu"fkcu=" RKPVQ."Tqdgtvq"Ectnqu0" EqpÞkvq"rgnc" xkfc"
go"vgttcu"fq"Eqpvguvcfq0"KpPknuqp"Eguct"*Qti+0"Contestadoukngpekcfq0"
Hnqtkcp„rqnku
13"NW¥."qr0"ekv0."r0"3960
14"SWGKTQ¥."qr0"ekv0."r0"3350
37"UWTGM."qr0"ekv0."r0"52="RKPVQ."qr0"ekv0."r0"326/3270
16"UVWN¥GT."qr0"ekv."r0"620
39"UQCTGU."L0" Q0"Rkpvq0" Guerra em sertões brasileiroshcpcvkuoq"" uqnw›«q"fq" ugewnct"
nkvikq"gpvtg"q"Rctcpƒ"g"Ucpvc"Ecvctkpc0"Rio"fg"Lcpgktqgnjq."3;530"r0"4:0
3:"RGKZQVQ."Fgogtxcn0"Campanha do Contestadotc¦gu"fc"tgdgnfkc0"x0"30"Ewtkvkdc
Ewnvwtcn."3;;70"r0";90
19"Q"tgfwvq"hqk"q"nqecn"qpfg"qu"ugtvcpglqu"eqpuvtwtco"uwcu"xkncu"ucpvcu."xkxgpfq"go"eqowpj«q."
morando-se e expressando sua religiosidade por meio de rituais diários. Estas vilas foram alvo
fqu"cvcswgu"oknkvctgu"c"rctvkt"fq"Ýpcn"fq"cpq"fg"3;350
42"UQCTGU."qr0"ekv0."r0"5;="NW¥."qr0"ekv0."r0"3330
21"UVWN¥GT."qr0"ekv0."r0"720
22"CWTCU."Octnk0"Guerra do Contestadoc"qticpk¦c›«q"fc"ktocpfcfg"ecdqenc0"Hnqtkcp„rqnku
Gf0"WHUE Ngikuncvkxc=" U«q" Rcwnq Eqtvg¦" Gfkvqtc" g" Nkxtctkc." 3;:60" r0":40"
XCNGPVKPK."qr0"ekv0."r0"3280
23"RGKZQVQ."qr0"ekv0."r0"3380
24"OCEJCFQ."qr0"ekv0."r0"4450
47"SWGKTQ¥."qr0"ekv0."r0"433/4340
26"FÓCUUWOR~ÊQ."Jgtewncpq" Vgkzgktc0" A campanha do Contestado0"Dgnq"Jqtk¦qpvg
Kortgpuc"QhÝekcn"fq"Guvcfq"fg"Okpcu"Igtcku."3;390"r0"99="UQCTGU."qr0"ekv0."r0"62="NW¥."qr0"
ekv0."r0"338="SWGKTQ¥."qr0"ekv0."r0"433/434="UVWN¥GT."qr0"ekv0."r0"78="RGKZQVQ."qr0"ekv0."r0"
349="XCNGPVKPK."qr0"ekv0."r0"333="OCEJCFQ."qr0"ekv0."r0"4450
49"RGKZQVQ."qr0"ekv0."r0"3490
4:"UQCTGU."qr0"ekv0."r0"620
29"SWGKTQ¥."qr0"ekv0."r0"433/4340
52"Ugiwpfq"Swgktq¦"*SWGKTQ¥."qr0"ekv0."r0"433+."pq"egokvfitkq"fg"Rgtfk¦gu"ÐÝectco"qu"eqtrqu"cq"
vgorq."cvfi"swg"ocku"vctfg"xqnvqw"qwvtc"hqt›c"ngicn."swg"cpfqw"vgpvcpfq"tgwpkt"quuqu"gurctuquÑ0
31"NW¥."qr0"ekv0."r0"3380
32"SWGKTQ¥."qr0"ekv0."r0"433/4340
33"OQPVGKTQ."Fwincu"Vgkzgktc0"Os errantes do novo século0"U«q"RcwnqEkfcfgu."3;960"
r0"366/3670
34"GURKI."Oƒtekc"Lcpgvg0"A presença da gesta carolíngia no movimento do Contestado.
Fkuugtvc›«q"*Oguvtcfq"go"Jkuv„tkc+."WHTIU."Rqtvq"Cngitg."3;;:."r0"3290
29
Revista Esboços, Florianópolis, v. 19, n. 28, p. 13-30, dez. 2012.
57"OCEJCFQ."qr0"ekv0."r0"4450
36"SWGKTQ¥."qr0"ekv0."r0"433/434="OQPVGKTQ."qr0"ekv0."r0"366/67="RGKZQVQ."qr0"ekv0."r0"360
59"CWTCU."qr0"ekv0."r0";40
5:"OQPVGKTQ."qr0"ekv0."r0"3680
39 Ibidem, p. 146.
62"UQCTGU."qr0"ekv0."r0"8:0
41"UQCTGU."qr0"ekv0." r0" ;5=" UKNXC"*3;55+." qr0" ekv0." r0" 342=" UVWN¥GT." qr0" ekv0."r0"98/9:="
RGKZQVQ."qr0"ekv0."r0"383/3850
42"UQCTGU."qr0"ekv0."r0"74="RGKZQVQ."qr0"ekv0."r0"35;0
43"Q"vgtoq"xcswgcpq"gtc"lƒ"eqpjgekfq"cpvgu"fq"eqpÞkvq."rctc"fgukipct"q"uwlgkvq"eqpjgegfqt"fq"
ugtv«q."eqo"jcdknkfcfgu"rctc"iwkct"qu"ocku"fkxgtuqu"xkukvcpvgu" fc"tgik«q0"Pq"eqpÞkvq." hqtco"
wvknk¦cfqu"eqo" guvc" Ýpcnkfcfg."uqocfc" eqo" c"hwp›«q"oknkvct." qpfg"hqtco" etkcfqu" fkxgtuqu"
dcvcnjgu"fg"xcswgcpqu"g"swg"vqoctco"rctvg"pqu"eqodcvgu"eqpvtc"qu"ugtvcpglqu"*XCNGPVKPK."
qr0"ekv0."r0"34:+0
44"UQCTGU."qr0"ekv0."r079/7;0
67"XCNGPVKPK."qr0"ekv0."r0"3890
46"CWTCU."qr0"ekv0."r0"3470
69"RGKZQVQ."qr0"ekv0."r0"720
6:"SWGKTQ¥."qr0"ekv0."r0"492="CWTCU."qr0"ekv0."r0"3660
49"Qu"swcftqu"ucpvqu"ukvwcxco/ug"pc"ƒtgc"egpvtcn"fqu"tgfwvqu."eqorqpfq/ug"fg"rtc›c"go"hqtoc"
fg"swcftcfq."kitglc"g"swcvtq"etw¦gu"kpuvcncfcu"go"ecfc"ecpvq"fq"swcftcfq0"Pguvg"nqecn."qeqttkco"
u"hqtocu."qu"tkvwcku"tgnkikququ"fqu"ugtvcpglqu"*NW¥."qr0"ekv0."r0"374+0
72"UQCTGU."qr0"ekv0."r0"7;0
73 Ibidem, p. 61.
74"SWGKTQ¥."qr0"ekv0."r0"47;="CWTCU."qr0"ekv0."r0"3620
75"UVWN¥GT."qr0"ekv0."r0":6/:80
76"NW¥."qr0"ekv0."r0"3840
77"NW¥."qr0"ekv0."r0"38:="UVWN¥GT."qr0"ekv0."r0"3770"
78"Qu"rkswgvgu" zwetqu" gtco"gzrgfk›gu" qticpk¦cfcu" rgnqu"ugtvcpglqu." pc" swcn"wo" itwrq" fg"
jqogpu"tgcnk¦cxc"kpewtugu""ecxcnq"pc"tgik«q."uglc"rctc"dwuect"crtqxkukqpcogpvqu."uglc"rctc"
atacar seus inimigos.
79"UVWN¥GT."qr0"ekv0."r0"860
7:"Qu"dqodgktqu"gtco"qu"gurkgu"ugtvcpglqu."swg"vkpjco"c"hwp›«q"fg"ÐdqodgctÑ"kphqtoc›gu"
uqdtg"cu"rquk›gu"kpkokicu0"Owkvcu"xg¦gu."fkuhct›cfqu"fg"eqogtekcpvgu."ug"kpÝnvtcxco"go"ogkq"
u"vtqrcu."hceknkvcpfq"c"qdvgp›«q"fg"korqtvcpvgu"kphqtoc›gu"*XCNGPVKPK."qr0"ekv0."r0"34;+0
7;"UVWN¥GT."qr0"ekv0."r0"3650
82"NW¥."qr0"ekv0."r0"349/34:="SWGKTQ¥."qr0"ekv0."r0"46;0
30
Revista Esboços, Florianópolis, v. 19, n. 28, p. 13-30, dez. 2012.
61"ECXCNECPVK."Ycnvgt"Vgp„tkq0"Guerra do Contestadoxgtfcfg"jkuv„tkec0"4"gf0"Hnqtkcp„rqnku
Gfkvqtc"fc"WHUE."42280"r0"3530
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63"CWTCU."qr0"ekv0."r0"36;="ECXCNECPVK."qr0"ekv0."r0";50
64"HTCIC."qr0"ekv0."r0"3:="UWTGM."qr0"ekv0."r0"4:/4;="EWT[."Ocwtq"Lqufi"Hgttgktc0"Woc"tgÞgz«q"
uqdtg"q"vgttkv„tkq" fq"Eqpvguvcfq0"Kp HTCIC."Pknuqp"Eguct"*Qti0+0"Contestadoq"vgttkv„tkq"
ukngpekcfq0"Hnqtkcp„rqnku
87"UKNXC"*3;55+."qr0"ekv0."r0"3450
66"OCEJCFQ."qr0"ekv0."r0"4860
89"XCNGPVKPK."qr0"ekv0."r0"344/3450
8:"Kdkfgo."r0"::0
69"UKNXC"*3;55+."qr0"ekv0."r0"3720
92"UKNXC"*422;+."qr0"ekv0."r0"720
93"UQCTGU."qr0"ekv0."r0"34:0
94 Ibidem, p. 113.
Artigo recebido em novembro de 2012. Aceito em dezembro de 2012.
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