Justiça Competente
Autor | Wladimir Novaes Martinez |
Ocupação do Autor | Advogado especialista em Direito Previdenciário |
Páginas | 61-64 |
Page 61
Para fins de determinação da partilha do Judiciário com poder para apreciar questões envolvendo a previdência social, os dissídios podem ser divididos em vários grupos: a) relações jurídicas comuns, normalmente contidas no RGPS; b) prestações acidentárias; c) falências e concordatas; d) relações jurídicas laborais, substantivas e adjetivas, envolvendo matéria previdenciária; e) relações internacionais; f) relações jurídicas de previdência privada; g) entre Estados e Municípios; h) divergências entre tribunais; i) questões não previdenciárias; e j) assistência social e saúde.
121. Prestações comuns - Em seu art. 109, I, diz a Constituição Federal serem os juízes federais capazes para processar e julgar (competência funcional e pessoal) "causas em que a União, entidade autárquica ou empresa pública federal forem interessadas na condição de autoras, rés, assistentes ou oponentes, exceto as de falência, as de acidentes do trabalho e as sujeitas à Justiça Eleitoral e à Justiça do Trabalho".
Destarte, em princípio, os dissídios nos quais interessados o INSS e os contribuintes ou beneficiários (excetuados os de falência e os acidentários), em todo o seu espectro, são dirimidos pela Justiça Federal.
Por outro lado, serão "processadas e julgadas na justiça estadual, no foro do domicílio dos segurados ou beneficiários, as causas em que forem parte instituição de previdência social e segurado, sempre que a comarca não seja sede de vara do juízo federal e, se verificada essa condição, a lei poderá permitir que outras causas sejam também processadas e julgadas pela justiça estadual" (art. 109, § 3º).
O interesse aludido é o direto e, assim, as empresas estatais patrocinadoras de fundos de pensão (per se, pertencentes ao Direito Privado), indiretamente não interessadas, não atraem a competência em matéria de previdência complementar.
122. Benefícios acidentários - Causas acidentárias, entendidas exclusivamente as voltadas à concessão das prestações, competem à Justiça Estadual. Desta forma, pedidos de benefícios decorrentes de acidentes do trabalho, doença profissional ou do trabalho, sejam de pagamento continuado (auxílio-doença, aposentadoria por invalidez, auxílio-acidente ou pensão por morte), ou de pagamento único (pecúlios).
Page 62
A justiça estadual não tem força para apreciar questões relativas à contribuição do seguro de acidentes do trabalho, em tema de custeio.
Questiona-se sobre a possibilidade de a competência, em razão da matéria, continuar pertencendo a essa justiça comum, se o benefício foi concedido, e se discutem problemas paralelos, como, p. ex., o...
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PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Curso de Direito Previdenciário
- Noções de Direito Previdenciário
- Conceito Sintético
- Escorço Histórico
- Terminologia Usual
- Natureza Jurídica
- Enquadramento Científico
- Objeto e Objetivo
- Fontes Formais
- Características Básicas
- Conteúdo e Alcance
- Autonomia Jurídica
- Relações com Ramos Jurídicos e Ciências
- Justiça Competente
- Integração e Interpretação
- Aplicação da Norma no Espaço
- Direito Intertemporal
- Princípios Jurídicos
- Codificação e Consolidação
- Relação Jurídica de Seguridade Social
- Relação Jurídica de Previdência Social
- Relação Jurídica de Assistência Social
- Relação Jurídica de Ações de Saúde
- Acordos Internacionais
- Natureza Jurídica da Contribuição
- Teoria Jurídica do Risco
- Direito ao Lazer
- Normas de Superdireito
- Crimes Previdenciários
- Legitimidade Previdenciária
- Filosofia do Direito Previdenciário
- Perda de Identidade da Previdência Social
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