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Habeas Corpus
Autor | Manoel Antonio Teixeira Filho |
Páginas | 2974-2976 |
Page 2974
A expressão habeas corpus é formada pelo verbo latino habeas, de habeo, que significa ter, tomar, possuir, e corpus (corpo), de tal modo que pode ser traduzida como: tenha o corpo, tome o corpo.
Suas origens históricas remontam ao Direito Romano, onde figurava como ação de interdictum de libero homine exhibendo. Por meio dela, qualquer cidadão poderia exigir a exibição de homem livre. De mencionar-se, ainda, a actio ad exhibendum, pela qual se reclamava a apresentação de homem livre que estivesse indevidamente retido por particular.
Tempos depois, o instituto ressurge na Inglaterra, mais propriamente na Magna Carta, outorgada em 1215 pelo Rei João Sem-Terra (Capítulo XXIX). Por força desse dispositivo, assegurava-se a qualquer vassalo inglês o direito de ser posto em libedade, mediante fiança, contra o qual se houvesse decretado prisão.
O habeas corpus é um instituto que visa a assegurar a liberdade de locomoção, violada ou na iminência de sofrer violação, por ato ilegal ou abusivo de poder. No Basil, esse instituto foi alteado ao predicamento de garantia e de direito constitucionais, como revela o art. 5.°, LXVIII, de nossa Suprema Cart a Política: “Conceder-se-á habeas corpus sempre que alguém sofrer ou se achar ameaçado de sofrer violência ou coação em sua liberdade de locomoção, por ilegalidade ou abuso de poder”.
Da própria declarção constitucional se percebe que o habeas corpus:
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integra a jurisdição das liberdades;
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destina-se a assegurar a liberdade de locomoção (ir, ficar, voltar, etc.);
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pode ser preventivo ou suspensivo. No primeiro caso, procura evitar que a violência ou a coação se concretize; no segundo, busca livrar a pessoa do constrangimento a que foi submetida.
No passado, muito se discutiu a respeito da competência da Justiça do Trabalho para apreciar pedido de habeas corpus. Atualmente, não se justifica essa polêmica, pois o art. 114, IV, da Constituição Federal, com a redação dada pela Emenda Constitucional
n. 45/2004, dispõe compeetir à Justiça do Trabalho a apreciação de pedido de habeas corpus “quando o ato questionado envolver matéria sujeita à sua jurisdição”.Page 2975
O que, talvez, ainda comporte alguma cinca é a questão da competência funcional ou hierárquica. Vejamos.
Ato do juiz de Vara do Trabalho. Quando a autoridade coatora for juiz de Vara do Trabalho, será competente para apreciar o pedido de habeas corpus o correspondente Tribunal Regional do Trabalho. Da...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Curso de Direito Processual do Trabalho Vol. III. Processo de Execução Processo Cautelar Procedimentos Especiais
- Procedimentos Especiais
- Ação de Consignação em Pagamento
- Ação de Depósito
- Ação de Prestação de Contas
- Interdito Proibitório
- Embargos de Terceiro
- Habilitação
- Restauração de Autos
- Ação Monitória
- Ação Civil Pública
- Ação Civil Coletiva
- Ação Anulatória de Cláusula Convencional
- Ação Rescisória
- Mandado de Segurança
- Habeas Corpus
- Habeas Data
- Dissídio Coletivo
- Incidente de Uniformização da Jurisprudência
- Controle Jurisdicional da Constitucionalidade
- Súmulas Vinculantes
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