- Início
- Livros E Revistas
- Iniciação Ao Direito do Trabalho 2015
- Oitava Parte. Fim do Contrato de Trabalho
Extinção do Contrato de Trabalho
Autor | Amauri Mascaro Nascimento/Sonia Mascaro Nascimento |
Páginas | 405-407 |
Page 405
A relação de emprego nasce, vive, altera-se e morre.
Vimos que são diversas as apreciações que podem ser feitas quanto ao seu momento inicial, constitutivo, ao seu ponto de partida e às diversas questões que podem surgir de ordem teórica e prática.
Examinamos também o seu desenvolvimento e os diferentes ângulos apresentados pelas mais importantes circunstâncias que se oferecem, como a suspensão do contrato, a alteração das condições de trabalho, a transferência do empregado etc.
Estudaremos agora o seu momento derradeiro, a desconstituição. Para denominá-la não há uniformidade entre os autores. Preferimos extinção do contrato de trabalho para designar o fim das relações jurídicas em geral. Há juristas que preferem a palavra “cessação”. Há outras designações específicas para cada uma das diferentes hipóteses.
A expressão “extinção” é encontrada no direito processual para designar os modos de extinção do processo. No direito dos contratos, também é usada para denominar as formas genéricas que põem fim ao contrato, como o distrato, a quitação, a inexecução das obrigações por uma das partes etc. No direito do trabalho, Alfredo Montoya Melgar prefere extinção do contrato (Derecho del trabajo. Madri: Tecnos, 1978. p. 369); Monteiro Fernandes, de Portugal, fala em cessação do contrato de trabalho como gênero (Noções fundamentais de direito do trabalho. Coimbra: Almedina, 1981. p. 308). Na França, Brun e Galland usam a expressão extinção do contrato de trabalho (Droit du travail, les rapports individuels de travail. Paris: Sirey, 1978. t. 1,
p. 781). Na Itália, Giuliano Mazzoni prefere dizer cessação do contrato (Manuale di diritto del lavoro. Milão: Giuffrè, 1977. p. 607). Délio Maranhão, entre nós, emprega as palavras resilição, para denominar o acordo e o distrato; resolução, para se referir à inexecução faltosa como a justa causa ou a condição resolutiva; e rescisão, quando há nulidade; modalidades essas específicas do gênero que chama de extinção do contrato (SÜSSEKIND, Arnaldo; VIANNA, Segadas. Instituições de direito do trabalho. 5. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Freitas Bastos, 1971. v. 1, p. 454). Para Orlando
Page 406
Gomes e Elson Gottschalk, dissolução e resolução referem-se à inexecução das obrigações por uma das partes, com necessidades de pronunciamento judicial desconstitutivo, como no caso do estável, e resilição ou rescisão...
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