Endosso Póstumo. Exequibilidade
Autor | Roberto Silvestre Bento |
Páginas | 75-78 |
Page 75
Questão que se apresenta controvertida relativamente aos efeitos provocados pelo endosso póstumo é a que se suscita em torno da exequibilidade do título assim endossado.
É Theóphilo de Azeredo Santos, em seu Manual de Títulos de Crédito (3a ed., p. 68-84), quem, como comer-cialista, oferece uma visão panorâmica da doutrina pátria e estrangeira, inclusive das tendências jurisprudenciais pertinentes. Com efeito, a leitura dos diversos posicionamentos de juristas de escol revela-nos ser um tema sobremaneira agitado.
Os juristas italianos negam exequibilidade ao título com endosso póstumo (Vivante, Carnelutti, Ramella, Calamandrei), contrariando posições antagônicas defendidas por Bonelli, Giannini, Navarrini, Vidari, Lorenzo Mossa, Bolaffio, Brunetti e outros.
O questionamento é deveras interessante e desafia uma análise meticulosa.
Lembre-se de que o § 2º do art. 8º da Lei Cambial (Decreto n. 2.044, de 31.12.1908) diz textualmente:
“O endosso posterior ao vencimento da letra tem o efeito de cessão civil.”
Por seu turno, o art. 20 da Lei Uniforme relativa à Letra de Câmbio e à Nota Promissória adverte:
Page 76
O endosso posterior ao vencimento tem os mesmos efeitos que o endosso anterior. Todavia, o endosso posterior ao protesto por falta de pagamento, ou feito depois de expirado o prazo fixado para se fazer o protesto, produz apenas os efeitos de uma cessão ordinária de créditos.
Salvo prova em contrário, presume-se que um endosso sem data foi feito antes de expirado o prazo fixado para se fazer o protesto.
É de se observar que, pelo texto genebrino, só se considera endosso póstumo aquele feito depois de tirado o protesto ou após expirado o prazo para que este seja tirado.
Esta é a posição que prevalece.
Não é de se confundir, no texto da lei, efeitos de uma cessão civil com a cambiaridade do título.
Como já se disse, na cessão civil admitem-se, por parte do cessionário, as exceções de caráter pessoal que poderiam ser opostas pelo devedor ao cedente, no que se difere do endosso com natureza cambial.
Isto, contudo, não desnatura o título como cambial para efeitos de se efetivar a responsabilidade dos coobrigados cambiários, para se afirmarem os princípios da incorporação, da autonomia, da solidariedade, da exigibilidade e da exequibilidade da cártula.
Vale dizer, o endosso póstumo não retira do título sua exequibilidade. É que a cambial com endosso póstumo continua cambial, não se descomercializando (MIRANDA, Pontes de. Tratado...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Livros e Revistas
- Endosso cambial
- Apresentação
- Prefácio
- O Crédito e seus Títulos
- O Endosso Cambial e o nosso Direito Positivo
- Títulos de Crédito Cambiais no Código Civil de 2002
- Títulos de Crédito Atípicos
- As Declarações Cambiais
- O Endosso
- Endosso e Capacidade Civil
- Tipos de Endosso
- Endosso em Branco
- Endosso em Preto
- Endosso Parcial
- Endosso com Cláusula 'Sem Protesto
- Endosso-Mandato (Mandato Cambiário)
- Endosso-Mandato à Ordem
- Endosso-Mandato Não à Ordem
- Endosso-Mandato e Prestação de Contas
- Renúncia e Revogação do Endosso-Mandato
- Endosso por Procuração
- Endosso-Caução (Endosso Pignoratício)
- Endosso Fiduciário
- Endosso Póstumo
- Endosso Póstumo. Exequibilidade
- Endosso Póstumo e Pedido de Falência
- Momento do Endosso
- Conversão do Endosso
- Elementos de Validade do Endosso
- Endosso e "Tradicio"
- Crédito Cambiário e Direito de Regresso
- Protesto Cambial e Direito de Regresso
- Confusão e Oposição de Compensação
- Restrição à Circulação
- Circulação Anômala
- Endosso Proibido
- Endosso e Cessão de Crédito
- Da Cláusula "Não à Ordem"
- A Solidariedade Cambial
- O Ressaque
- Exoneração de Responsabilidade do Endossante
- Cancelamento do Endosso
- Exceções Cambiárias - Algumas Considerações
- O Endosso Cambial e as Atividades de 'Factoring
- Legislação
- Bibliografia
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