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- Livros E Revistas
- Curso de Direito Processual do Trabalho Vol. III. Processo de Execução Processo Cautelar Procedimentos Especiais
- Processo Cautelar
- Primeira Parte - Generalidades
Ação Cautelar Inominada
Autor | Manoel Antonio Teixeira Filho |
Páginas | 2349-2352 |
Page 2349
Inominado é o que não tem nome.
Em nosso meio, a doutrina apegou-se a esse adjetivo para designar aquelas providências assecuratórias que não se encontram “nominadas” no Código. Pode-se dizer, por esse motivo, que a identificação das medidas inominadas obedece, tanto na lei quanto na doutrina, ao critério da exclusão.
Com efeito, se a providência cautelar não está prevista em nenhuma das seções que integram o Capítulo II do CPC, que trata dos “procedimentos cautelares específicos”, estaremos diante de uma inominada, ou atípica.
A sede legal das providências inominadas é o art. 798 do CPC, com sua redação imperfeita e contrastante com o atual estágio do desenvolvimento científico da disciplina. No Capítulo V pudemos endereçar algumas críticas ao enunciado dessa norma, e outras serão acrescidas quando viermos a discorrer sobre o poder geral de cautela do juiz, no subsequente.
Pareceu acertado ao legislador brasileiro construir o sistema das ações cautelares segundo uma fundamental divisão, que podemos denominar de dicotômica: de um lado, os procedimentos acautelatórios específicos, com sua regulamentação legal minuciosa e finalidade definida; de outro, os procedimentos inominados, que embora se encontrem regulados pelas disposições gerais contidas nos arts. 796 a 811 do CPC, têm destinação genérica, ampla e cuja concessão da medida fica subordinada ao poder discricionário do juiz.
Como argumentamos algures, estamos convencidos de que tendo em conta o grande avanço realizado pelos estudos doutrinários acerca do tema cautelar (jurisdição, ação, processo, medidas e o mais), melhor teria sido que o legislador processual de 1973 houvesse introduzido no Código apenas normas atributivas de um poder geral de cautela ao magistrado, dispensando a enumeração e a consequente regulamentação individualizada das ações assecuratórias específicas. Por outras palavras, entendemos que, do ponto de vista doutrinário, nenhum prejuízo haveria à disciplina se fosse apagado do texto legal, em sua totalidade, o Capítulo II do Livro III, fazendo com que todas as pretensões cautelares ficassem abrangidas, unicamente, pelo vasto espectro protetivo, que as medidas inominadas irradiam.
Page 2350
Não podemos deixar de reconhecer, contudo, que sob o ângulo da realidade prática da formulação em juízo de pretensões cautelares, essa atitude do legislador é defensável, pois ao enumerar as medidas de asseguração, submetendo-as a procedimentos específicos e rígidos, teve o cuidado e o mérito de evitar a instauração de infindáveis disputas forenses (e mesmo doutrinais) a respeito exatamente de aspectos procedimentais e finalísticos dessas ações.
Qual teria sido o critério que orientou o legislador na separação das medidas nominadas das...
Para continuar a ler
PEÇA SUA AVALIAÇÃO- Processo Cautelar
- Primeira Parte - Generalidades
- Ação Cautelar
- Classificação dasAções Cautelares
- Escorço Histórico do Instituto
- Condições da Ação Cautelar
- A Pretensão Cautelar
- Ação Cautelar Inominada
- O Poder Geral da Cautela
- Jurisdição Cautelar
- Competência Cautelar
- Procedimento Cautelar
- A Sentença Cautelar
- Direito Substancial Cautelar
- Preventividade, Provisoriedade,Acessoriedade, Instrumentalidade e Sumariedade Cautelar
- Medidas Cautelares
- Suspensão do Processo Cautelar
- As Exceções no Processo Cautelar
- Responsabilidade Civil do Requerente
- Os Recursos no Processo Cautelar
- Execução das Medidas Cautelares
- Medida Cautelar e Mandado de Segurança
- Medida Cautelar eAção Direta de Inconstitucionalidade
- A Antecipação dos Efeitos da TutelaJurisdicional e sua Repercussão no Processo Cautelar
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